Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · 1994 · 104 citations · 18 references
Social SciencesGender StudiesSocial PsychologyGenderMasculinity StudiesStereotypingBody ImageGender IdentityGender PrejudiceGender StereotypesStereotype ContentStereotypesAppearance-based StereotypingDescriptive Gender StereotypesFemale CharactersGender Role StereotypingGender Stereotype ActivationGender Stereotype ContentGender Stereotype Representation
This study examines gender portrayals and stereotyping in a sample of commercials on MTV. The findings revealed that characters in MTV commercials, like those in music videos, are stereotyped. Female characters appeared less frequently, had more beautiful bodies, were more physically attractive, wore more sexy and skimpy clothing, and were more often the object of another's gaze than their male counterparts.
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The image of women in network TV commercials
Joseph R. Dominick, Gail E. Rauch · Journal of Broadcasting · 1972 · 208 citations
Sex role messages in television commercials: An update
Lynn T. Lovdal · Sex Roles · 1989 · 150 citations