Gradual Structural Evolution from Pyrochlore to Defect-Fluorite in Y₂Sn_2–<i>x</i>Zr_<i>x</i>O₇: Average vs Local Structure

Abstract

We have studied the long-range average and local structures in Y 2 Sn 2– x Zr x O 7 ( x = 0–2.0) using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively, and by theoretical methods. While the diffraction data indicate a clear phase transition from ordered pyrochlore to disordered defect-fluorite at x ∼ 1.0–1.2, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) results at the Zr L 3 - and Y L 2 -edges reveal a gradual structural evolution across the whole compositional range. These findings provide experimental evidence that the local disorder occurs long before the pyrochlore to defect-fluorite phase boundary, as determined by X-ray diffraction, and the extent of disorder continues to develop throughout the defect-fluorite region. The Zr and Y L-edge spectra are very sensitive to changes in the local structure; such sensitivity enables us to reveal the progressive nature of the phase transition. Experimental results are supported by ab initio atomic scale simulations, which provide a mechanism for disorder to initiate in the pyrochlore structure. Further, the coordination numbers of the cations in both the defect-fluorite and pyrochlore structures are predicted, and the trends agree well with the experimental XANES results. The calculations predict that the coordination of cations in the Y 2 Zr 2 O 7 defect-fluorite (normally considered to be 7 for all cations) varies depending on the species with the average coordination of Y and Zr being 7.2 and 6.8, respectively.