Elevated pro-inflammatory CD4 ⁺ CD28 ⁻ lymphocytes and stroke recurrence and death

Abstract

Rising counts of circulating CD4+CD28- cells are associated with an increasing risk of stroke recurrence and death, in addition to an observed association with prior stroke. Expansion of this T-cell subset presumably represents a biomarker and possibly a contributory pathogenic mechanism of recurrent stroke and death after ischemic stroke.