Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.

Steven F. Maier, Martin E. P. Seligman · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · 1976 · 2.4K citations

Education, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +8

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

Martin E. P. Seligman, Steven F. Maier · Journal of Experimental Psychology · 1967 · 1.9K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Biological Psychology +8

Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding.

J. Bruce Overmier, Martin E. P. Seligman · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1967 · 1.2K citations

Public Health, Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience +9

Behavioral depression produced by an uncontrollable stressor: Relationship to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in various regions of rat brain

Jay M. Weiss, Prudence A. Goodman, Barbara G. Losito et al. · Brain Research Reviews · 1981 · 666 citations

Life Sciences, Neurobiology, Neuroscience +17

Learned helplessness in the rat: Time course, immunization, and reversibility.

Martin E. P. Seligman, Robert A. Rosellini, Michael J. Kozak · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1975 · 286 citations

Social Sciences, Neuroscience, Psychology +12