Monokine Induced by Interferon γ (IFNγ) (CXCL9) and IFNγ Inducible T-Cell α-Chemoattractant (CXCL11) Involvement in Graves’ Disease and Ophthalmopathy: Modulation by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonists

Abstract

We conclude that thyrocytes and retrobulbar cell types from patients with Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy participate in the self-perpetuation of inflammation, releasing CXCL9 and CXCL11 chemokines when stimulated with cytokines. PPARgamma activation plays an inhibitory role in this process. The huge response of CXCL9 to the IFNgamma plus TNFalpha-stimulation suggests its leading role among CXC chemokines.