Copper electromigration in aluminum

Abstract

The apparent effective charge Z**Cu, of copper in aluminum was measured using a quasi-steady-state technique. Z**Cu was measured in the temperature range 325–500 °C at several current densities. The measured values ranged between −4.1 and −14.9. No clear current density or temperature dependence could be seen, except for a possible increase in Z**Cu with decreasing temperature.