Applied Psychological Measurement · 1978 · 407 citations · 13 references
EducationEducational MeasurementPsychologyItem Response TheoryPsychometricsSummative AssessmentAbility EstimationItem AnalysisItem Characteristic CurvesLatent Trait ModelingPsychological AssessmentPsychological TestingCategory OrderingLatent Trait MeasurementLikert ItemsLikert-type ItemsPsychometric ModelingPsychometric ScalingPsychometric ValiditySummated Rating Scales
A latent trait measurement model in which ordered response categories are both parameterized and scored with successive integers is investigated and applied to a summated rating or Likert ques tionnaire. In addition to each category, each item of the questionnaire and each subject are para meterized in the model; and maximum likelihood estimates for these parameters are derived. Among the features of the model which make it attractive for applications to Likert questionnaires is that the total score is a sufficient statistic for a subject's at titude measure. Thus, the model provides a formal ization of a familiar and practical procedure for measuring attitudes.
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A Rating Formulation for Ordered Response Categories
David Andrich · Psychometrika · 1978 · 3K citations
Sufficient Statistics and Latent Trait Models
Erling B. Andersen · Psychometrika · 1977 · 402 citations