The Causal Role of IL-4 and IL-13 in <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Combined IL-4 and IL-13 deficiency is required for protection against TGF-β-induced pulmonary vascular disease after Schistosoma exposure, and targeted inhibition of this pathway is a potential novel therapeutic approach for patients with schistosomiasis-associated PAH.