Assays for <i>S</i>‐Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet/SAM)‐Dependent Methyltransferases

Abstract

Modification of small molecules and proteins by methyltransferases impacts a wide range of biological processes. Here we report two methods for measuring methyltransferase activity. First we describe an enzyme-coupled continuous spectrophotometric assay used to quantitatively characterize S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet or SAM)-dependent methyltransferase activity. In this assay, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy or SAH), the transmethylation product of AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase, is hydrolyzed to S-ribohomocysteine and adenine by recombinant AdoHcy nucleosidase. Subsequently, the adenine generated from AdoHcy is further hydrolyzed to homoxanthine and ammonia by recombinant adenine deaminase. This deamination is associated with a decrease in absorbance at 265 nm that can be monitored continuously. Secondly, we describe a discontinuous assay that follows radiolabel incorporation into the methyl receptor. An advantage of both assays is the destruction of AdoHcy by AdoHcy nucleosidase, which alleviates AdoHcy product feedback inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Importantly both methods are inexpensive, robust, and amenable to high throughput.