An Adaptive Driver and Real-Time Deformation Algorithm for Visualization of High-Density Lung Models

Abstract

Technological advances in Augmented Reality (AR) and extraction of 3D patient specific medical data led to the creation of medical visualization using AR environments, in which the 3D data is registered and synchronized with the position of the patient. One of the challenges in such visualization environments is maintaining an accurate shape of the 3D data for self-deformable models such as lungs. An accurate deformation of lung model with 3D visualization may significantly increase the teaching and diagnosing ability of physicians. Modeling the deformation of lungs primarily involves the accurate representation of Pressure-volume relationship and the hysteresis in the relationship during inhalation and exhalation. This paper explains a real-time physiologically accurate deformation algorithm and its hardware rendering. We then introduce a novel approach for the representation of accurate pressure volume relationship based on an analogy with classical mechanics. Our simulation results show that the hysteresis obtained is more accurate as compared to current lung models. Thus in our approach a physically realistic deformation of lung model is obtained by the integration of the accurate PV relationship with real-time deformation method.