Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms

Carbon Nanotube Actuators

Ray H. Baughman, Changxing Cui, Anvar Zakhidov et al. · Science · 1999 · 2.5K citations

Engineering, Materials Engineering, Materials Science +17

Niching methods for genetic algorithms

Samir W. Mahfoud · 1996 · 902 citations

Architecture, Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Theory +16

Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition

Karl Sims · Artificial Life · 1994 · 817 citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Evolutionary Biology +15

Co-evolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure

W. Daniel Hillis · Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena · 1990 · 780 citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Evolutionary Biology +12

Evolutionary robotics

Evert Haasdijk, Nicolas Bredèche, Stefano Nolfi et al. · Evolutionary Intelligence · 2014 · 612 citations · Full text

Computing, Computer Science, Evolutionary Theory +7