American Economic Review · 1989 · 3K citations · 9 references
ManagementBusiness EconomicsEconomicsIndustrial OrganizationInnovationIntellectual PropertyIntellectual Property In UniversitiesKnowledge SpilloversPatent AnalysisResearch CommercializationResearch PolicyTechnological InnovationGeographic SpilloversPatent SpilloversR And D SpilloversRegional SpilloversResearch InvestmentTechnological SpilloversUniversity Knowledge SpilloversUniversity-industry Technology Transfer
The existence of geographically mediated "spillovers" from university research to commercial innovation is explored using state-level time-series data on corporate patents, corporate R&D, and university research. A significant effect of university research on corporate patents is found, particularly in the areas of drugs and medical technology, and electronics, optics, and nuclear technology. In addition, university research appears to have an indirect effect on local innovation by inducing industrial R&D spending. Copyright 1989 by American Economic Association.
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Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey
Zvi Griliches · Journal of Economic Literature · 1990 · 4.1K citations
Choice Reviews Online · 1991 · 1.6K citations