Marriage & Family Review · 2002 · 424 citations · 38 references
Social SciencesHuman DevelopmentPsychologyChild DevelopmentDevelopmental PsychologyPsychometricsCoping StrategiesEmotional CompetenceParent-child InteractionParent-child RelationshipsParentingPsychological TestingConstruct ValidityHuman Development MeasurementParental DistressPredictive ValidityPsychometric PropertiesPsychometric ValiditySelf-report MeasurementSelf-report Questionnaires
The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) is a widely used self‑report instrument with six subscales that capture parental responses to children’s negative emotions, yet its psychometric properties have not been evaluated. The study aims to evaluate the CCNES’s psychometric properties and its predictive validity for children’s emotional competence. The authors administered the CCNES to 101 parents and assessed its predictive validity with 36 children’s emotional competence measures. The CCNES demonstrated internal consistency, test‑retest reliability, and construct validity; factor analysis suggested a four‑subscale structure, and its supportive and distress subscales predicted children’s decoding while encouragement and nonsupportive parenting predicted expressiveness, confirming the scale’s reliability and validity and highlighting the need for further refinement.
SUMMARY The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale(CCNES) is an increasingly used self-report instrument consisting of six subscales that reflect different ways parents respond to their young children's negative emotions. However, psychometric testing of this scale has not been conducted. In two studies, we examine its psychometric properties. In the first study, 101 parents (mostly mothers) completed the CCNES and a variety of other scales. The results reveal that the CCNES is internally reliable and has sound test-retest reliability and construct validity. Factor analysis of the structure of the CCNES suggests that there may be only four rather than six subscales. In the second study, we examined the predictive validity of the CCNES to 36 children's emotional competence (decoding and expressiveness). The supportive subscales (positively) and parental distress (negatively) predicted children's decoding, whereas emotional encouragement (positively) and nonsupportive parenting (negatively) predicted children's expressiveness. It was concluded that the CCNES is a reliable and valid instrument and that further research and refinement of its use is needed.
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Parental Socialization of Emotion
Nancy Eisenberg, Amanda Cumberland, Tracy L. Spinrad · Psychological Inquiry · 1998 · 2.6K citations
H. J. Eysenck · Behaviour Research and Therapy · 1983 · 2.4K citations