Tactile Displays in Human-Machine Interaction: Four Case Studies

Abstract

Abstract—Tactile and force feedback are widely exploited in VR and VE applications as a complement or substitution of the visual or auditory presentation of information. We have successfully developed several tactile display devices that can be incorporated with VR systems or with other human-machine systems. This paper presents four case studies. The principles involved in these devices as well as their implementation, performance and user evaluation results are presented and discussed. Index Terms—Man-machine interfaces, tactile displays, tactile rendering, touch stimulation, user perception. I.