22:T46d,RNA aptamers are in vitro-selected binding domains that recognize their respective ligand with high affinity and specificity. They are characterized by complex three-dimensional conformations providing preformed binding pockets that undergo conformational changes upon ligand binding. Small molecule-binding aptamers have been exploited as synthetic riboswitches for conditional gene expression in various organisms. In the present study, double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy combined with site-directed spin labeling was used to elucidate the conformational transition of a tetracycline aptamer upon ligand binding. Different sites were selected for post-synthetic introduction of either the (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl) methanethiosulfonate by reaction with a 4-thiouridine modified RNA or of 4-isocyanato-2,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-N-oxid spin label by reaction with 2'-aminouridine modified RNA. The results of the DEER experiments indicate the presence of a thermodynamic equilibrium between two aptamer conformations in the free state and capture of one conformation upon tetracycline binding.23:T4f4,Microbiological, chemical, and sensory analyses were coupled to understand the origins of kombucha organoleptic compounds and their implication in the flavor of the kombucha beverage. By isolating microorganisms from an original kombucha and comparing it to monocultures and cocultures of two yeasts (Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Hanseniaspora valbyensis) and an acetic acid bacterium (Acetobacter indonesiensis), interaction effects were investigated during the two phases of production. 32 volatile compounds identified and quantified by Headspace-Solid Phase-MicroExtraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) were classified according to their origin from tea or microorganisms. Many esters were associated to H. valbyensis, while alcohols were associated to both yeasts, acetic acid to A. indonesiensis, and saturated fatty acids to all microorganisms. Concentration of metabolites were dependent on microbial activity, yeast composition, and phase of production. Sensory analysis showed that tea type influenced the olfactive perception, although microbial composition remained the strongest factor. Association of B. bruxellensis and A. indonesiensis induced characteristic apple juice aroma.24:T45f,Nowadays, RNA synthesis has become an essential tool not only in the field of molecular biology and medicine, but also in areas like molecular diagnostics and material sciences. Beyond synthetic RNAs for antisense, aptamer, ribozyme, and siRNA technologies, oligoribonucleotides carrying site-specific modifications for structure and function studies are needed. This often requires labeling of the RNA with a suitable spectroscopic reporter group. Herein, we describe the synthesis of functionalized monomer building blocks that upon incorporation in RNA allow for selective reaction with a specific reporter or functional entity. In particular, we report on the synthesis of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl protected 3'-O-phosphoramidites of nucleosides that carry amino linkers of different lengths and flexibility at the heterocyclic base, their incorporation in a variety of RNAs, and postsynthetic conjugation with fluorescent dyes and nitroxide spin labels. Further, we show the synthesis of a flavine mononucleotide-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl ester and its conjugation to amino functionalized RNA.25:T4b5,The effect of the preparation technique on the sorption–diffusion parameters of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) films was studied. The films formed by a single-stage technique have an axial texture of the crystalline phase, with the polymer chain oriented predominantly perpendicularly to the film plane. Moreover, the crystallites in PHB are preferably ordered in stacks in the course of diffusion; the alignment of the crystallites noticeably decreases the “sites” of PHB (polar groups) which are accessible to water molecules. As a resul

#	Concept	H-Index	Publications	Citations
1	Engineering	1	1	21
2	Natural Sciences	1	1	21
3	Biochemistry	1	1	21
4	Molecular Biology	1	1	21
5	Bioorganic Chemistry	1	1	21

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