Verification and validation is the academic concept and methodological approach focused on rigorously assessing whether a system, model, or artifact meets its specified requirements and fulfills its intended purpose. It investigates system integrity and fitness for purpose by distinguishing verification (confirming the artifact is built correctly according to specifications) from validation (confirming the artifact is the right one that meets user needs and requirements), employing techniques such as static analysis, inspections, and dynamic testing. Its significance lies in mitigating risks, ensuring quality, enhancing reliability, and establishing confidence in complex systems throughout their lifecycle.