Self-management is the process by which individuals actively regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve desired outcomes or maintain states of well-being or performance. As a research concept, it investigates the cognitive, affective, and behavioral strategies individuals employ, the internal and external factors influencing these processes, and the effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance self-regulatory capacities. Key characteristics include goal setting, planning, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and adaptive adjustment. Its significance lies in its role as a fundamental mechanism underlying adaptive functioning and performance across diverse domains, such as health, education, organizational behavior, and personal development.