High Self‐Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success

TLDR

Self‑control is a key predictor of life outcomes, yet its precise measurement and impact remain underexplored. The authors introduced a new self‑control scale and applied it in two large investigations covering a wide range of behaviors. The scale showed strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Higher self‑control scores were associated with better grades, improved adjustment, lower psychopathology, reduced binge eating and alcohol abuse, stronger relationships, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses, with no evidence of overcontrol drawbacks.

Abstract

What good is self-control? We incorporated a new measure of individual differences in self-control into two large investigations of a broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self-control correlated with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of psychopathology, higher self-esteem), less binge eating and alcohol abuse, better relationships and interpersonal skills, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses. Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability. Low self-control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.