• Magnetic refrigeration serves as a central platform for cryogenic cooling, evolving from continuous and demagnetization cycles to rotating and Stirling-like configurations, with experimental validation, theoretical modeling, and engineering design spanning 2 K up to ambient temperatures [1], [2], [4], [8], [9], [16].

• Microminiature cryogenic refrigeration and compact systems emphasize fabrication techniques, integration with small-scale devices, and material choices to enable efficient, low-footprint cooling solutions, as demonstrated by microminiature refrigerator studies [10], [12].

• Solar-assisted absorption refrigeration and energy storage integration combine thermodynamic modelling with practical solar cooling demonstrations, illustrating renewable-energy pathways for cooling and storage-based operation [5], [13], [20].

• Food refrigeration and freezing research advances cover fundamental freezing physics, cooling technology for food processing, and modeling of product cooling to preserve quality and safety [6], [14], [15].

• Two-phase flow and heat-transfer phenomena in refrigeration systems highlight flow regime characterization, pressure drop behavior, and boiling correlations for refrigerant-oil mixtures, informing design and performance prediction [17], [18].