Interpersonal adaptation is the dynamic process through which individuals modify their communication behaviors, cognitive frameworks, and interaction strategies in response to the characteristics, behaviors, and goals of others within a social context. As an academic concept and research area, it investigates the mechanisms, patterns, and outcomes of these reciprocal adjustments, focusing on how individuals align their verbal and nonverbal cues, message content, and relational expectations to facilitate mutual understanding, achieve shared goals, and manage relational dynamics. Its significance lies in explaining the development of rapport, the maintenance of relationship quality, the effectiveness of communication, and the successful coordination of action in human interaction across various interpersonal settings.