Integrative Structural Modeling is a computational framework that combines diverse experimental and computational data types—such as cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and evolutionary covariance—within a unified spatial restraint-based optimization paradigm to generate atomic or near-atomic resolution models of macromolecular assemblies, distinguished from other structural modeling approaches by its systematic integration of heterogeneous, multi-scale information sources to overcome limitations in individual datasets.