Immune dysregulation is a state characterized by the deviation of the immune system from its normal homeostatic balance, resulting in impaired or inappropriate function. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the underlying molecular, cellular, and systemic mechanisms that lead to either excessive or insufficient immune responses. This encompasses the study of conditions such as chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, allergies, and various forms of immunodeficiency, underscoring its significance in understanding the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and informing the development of therapeutic strategies.