Economic Independence

Economic Independence is a socioeconomic condition during the Reconstruction Era in which formerly enslaved individuals achieved autonomous control over their labor, land ownership, and financial decision-making, distinguishing it from mere legal freedom by emphasizing self-sustaining livelihoods and participation in a market economy.

654

Publications

34.4K

Citations

1.2K

Authors

566

Institutions

Publications per year

2017–2026

128

Authors

1.2K

  1. JC
    Joshua C. Hall

    West Virginia University, United States

    7 publications · 877 citations

    7

    h-index

  2. JS
    Jan‐Egbert Sturm

    ETH Zurich, Switzerland

    6 publications · 1.3K citations

    6

    h-index

  3. JD
    Jakob de Haan

    University of Groningen, Netherlands

    6 publications · 1.3K citations

    6

    h-index

  4. RA
    Robert A. Lawson

    Southern Methodist University, United States

    5 publications · 611 citations

    5

    h-index

  5. IB
    Irā Berlin

    University of Maryland, College Park, United States

    4 publications · 118 citations

    4

    h-index

1–5 of 1.2K

Venues

  1. Choice Reviews Online

    CRO · 18 publications · 1.8K citations

    15

    h-index

  2. Journal of Marriage and the Family

    11 publications · 813 citations

    11

    h-index

  3. European Journal of Political Economy

    10 publications · 2.3K citations

    10

    h-index

  4. The American Historical Review

    AHR · 10 publications · 441 citations

    10

    h-index

  5. SSRN Electronic Journal

    Repository · 11 publications · 1.1K citations

    10

    h-index

1–5