Economic Independence
Economic Independence is a socioeconomic condition during the Reconstruction Era in which formerly enslaved individuals achieved autonomous control over their labor, land ownership, and financial decision-making, distinguishing it from mere legal freedom by emphasizing self-sustaining livelihoods and participation in a market economy.
654
Publications
34.4K
Citations
1.2K
Authors
566
Institutions
Publications per year
2017–2026
128
Parents
654
Economic Freedom of the World: 2022 Annual Report
JAMES D. GWARTNEY, Robert F. Lawson, Joshua C. Hall et al. · SSRN Electronic Journal · 2023 · 779 citations · Full text
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566
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
9 h-index
10 publications
392 citations
University of Chicago
Chicago, United States
7 h-index
9 publications
209 citations
London School of Economics and Political Science
London, United Kingdom
6 h-index
9 publications
1.1K citations

Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, United States
6 h-index
12 publications
741 citations
Stanford University
Stanford, United States
5 h-index
7 publications
193 citations
West Virginia University
Morgantown, United States
5 h-index
6 publications
1.2K citations

University of Groningen
Groningen, The Netherlands
5 h-index
6 publications
2K citations
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, United States
5 h-index
5 publications
320 citations
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CRO · 18 publications · 1.8K citations
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11 publications · 813 citations
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10 publications · 2.3K citations
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AHR · 10 publications · 441 citations
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Repository · 11 publications · 1.1K citations
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