Domestication is a fundamental academic concept and research field that examines the multi-generational process by which human populations exert selective pressure, intentionally or unintentionally, on wild populations of organisms (primarily plants and animals), leading to genetic and phenotypic changes that enhance traits beneficial for human use and coexistence. This sustained human-organism interaction results in altered morphology, physiology, and behavior, often leading to reproductive isolation or significant divergence from wild progenitors. The field investigates the co-evolutionary dynamics, biological mechanisms (genetic, epigenetic, developmental), ecological consequences, and socio-cultural transformations associated with this process, which critically underpinned the development of settled agricultural societies and fundamentally reshaped human history and environmental relationships, particularly in response to post-glacial environmental shifts.