Brain nutrition is a research field investigating the complex interplay between dietary components, nutrient intake, and their physiological effects on brain structure, function, and cognitive performance throughout the lifespan. This interdisciplinary area explores how specific macronutrients, micronutrients, and dietary patterns influence neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and neuronal plasticity, with the aim of understanding mechanisms underlying cognitive health and identifying nutritional strategies for optimizing brain function and preventing neurological and psychiatric disorders.