Biliary cancers is a research field and academic concept focused on the comprehensive study of malignant neoplasms arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tree, including the gallbladder, bile ducts (intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), and the ampulla of Vater. It investigates the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, classification systems, prognostic markers, and therapeutic interventions for this heterogeneous group of cancers. The significance of this research lies in its critical role in advancing understanding, facilitating early detection, and developing effective treatments to improve outcomes for patients afflicted with these often aggressive and challenging malignancies.