Anarchism is a political philosophy and social theory that functions as a research concept investigating critiques of hierarchical power structures, particularly the state, and exploring possibilities for organizing society based on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid. As an academic field, it examines the historical development, diverse ideological currents, and practical manifestations of anti-authoritarian thought and movements advocating for stateless or radically decentralized societies, characterized by a rejection of coercive authority and an emphasis on autonomy and horizontal forms of organization. Its significance lies in offering fundamental critiques of established power relations and proposing alternative frameworks for political and social order.