Table of Contents
Overview
Definition and Scope
Hydrogeology is the study of groundwater distribution and movement within geological formations, focusing on the hydrologic cycle, aquifers, and groundwater issues.[1.1] It investigates how water enters the ground (recharge), flows through subsurface aquifers, and interacts with soil and rock.[4.1] Central to hydrogeology is the analysis of groundwater flow through various sediments and bedrock types, utilizing equations to quantify flow rates for developing numerical simulation models that predict groundwater behavior.[2.1][2.1] The field also addresses practical applications such as designing water wells for drinking and irrigation, assessing the sustainability of water supplies, and ensuring water quality for various uses.[4.1] It involves tackling pollution issues, developing remediation strategies, and addressing groundwater-related challenges in construction and mining.[4.1] Hydrogeology's interdisciplinary nature requires understanding the complex interactions between chemical, physical, biological, and legal factors affecting groundwater and its environmental and societal relationships.[5.1] Groundwater movement, governed by pressure gradients rather than surface topography, adds complexity to the study of these dynamics.[5.1]Importance in Water Resource Management
Hydrogeology is integral to the management of water resources, particularly in assessing groundwater availability and quality. A significant challenge in this field is the scarcity of long-term water table records and the difficulty of accessing relevant locations, which complicates effective local resource management.[6.1] The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enhances spatial optimization in water resource planning, although climate change exacerbates hydrogeological issues by altering rainfall patterns and increasing the frequency of droughts and floods.[7.1] Identifying and evaluating groundwater recharge potential zones (GWPZs) is crucial for sustainable water resource management. However, this task is complicated by the dynamic interplay of hydrogeological factors and urban development.[8.1] A risk-based decision-making mechanism that accounts for local uncertainties is vital for effective water resource management, regulation, and policy-making. Despite the potential of hydrogeological models to support these decisions, challenges persist due to various sources of uncertainty.[9.1] Human activities significantly impact groundwater quality, with industrial discharges, urban activities, and agricultural practices contributing to contamination. For instance, agricultural practices such as irrigation and chemical application can lead to both surface and groundwater pollution.[11.1] The rapid growth of urban areas and industrial operations has increased water waste production, threatening both human health and ecosystem integrity.[12.1] Anthropogenic contamination is particularly pronounced in urban settings, where the concentration of human activities exacerbates the alteration of groundwater regimes.[13.1] The interaction between groundwater and surface water is influenced by agricultural practices, which can lead to nutrient runoff and further degrade water quality.[14.1] Groundwater pollution primarily occurs through leaching, infiltration, and direct discharge from various human activities, posing significant health risks when polluted groundwater is utilized.[15.1] Effective water resource management relies heavily on understanding aquifer types, classified into unconfined and confined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers, characterized by a permeable layer on top, allow direct recharge by surface water, while confined aquifers are protected by an impermeable layer above them.[19.1] The properties of these aquifers, including their thickness, permeability, and storage capacity, significantly influence groundwater movement; for instance, steeper gradients can lead to faster groundwater flow.[16.1] Geological formations play a crucial role in the spatial distribution of groundwater resources, as variability in rock types and structures contributes to significant differences in groundwater availability across regions.[22.1] The occurrence and movement of groundwater also depend on the permeability and porosity of both surface and subsurface lithology, which can vary widely, particularly in hard rock formations where secondary porosity arises from fractures and other openings.[23.1] Understanding these factors is essential for effective groundwater resource management.History
Evolution of Hydrogeology
The evolution of hydrogeology has been characterized by significant advancements and interdisciplinary approaches, transforming it into a comprehensive science. The history of hydrogeology can be traced back to early hydraulic engineering practices, with evidence of canal and dam construction dating as far back as 5000-6000 years ago in regions such as the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.[53.1] These early practices laid the groundwork for understanding groundwater dynamics and resource management. In the 17th century, pivotal developments emerged, notably Pierre Perrault's hydrologic investigations in the Seine River basin, which contributed to foundational hydrology knowledge.[51.1] This period marked a shift from the belief that groundwater was merely seawater drawn inland by tidal forces or air pressure, towards a more scientific approach to studying groundwater.[51.1] The 19th century saw further advancements, particularly through Henry Darcy's experiments on flow through sands, establishing principles integral to hydrogeology today.[50.1] The introduction of hydrologic modeling in the 1850s, exemplified by Mulvany's rational method for computing peak discharge, advanced the field by providing tools still used in urban drainage design.[50.1] As hydrogeology developed, it became increasingly interdisciplinary, integrating concepts, models, and technologies from various scientific domains to address complex water resource challenges.[45.1] The modern hydrogeologist's toolkit reflects a broad array of investigatory procedures that have evolved from its humble beginnings.[48.1] In recent decades, hydrogeology has evolved significantly, driven by emerging challenges such as climate change and water scarcity. Defined as the scientific study of the distribution, movement, and quality of water in the Earth's crust, with a focus on aquifers, hydrogeology plays a vital role in water resource management, environmental protection, and pollution control. It enables the prediction and assessment of changing groundwater resource trends by examining interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation.[49.1] Research in hydrogeology encompasses dynamic changes in groundwater, the physical and chemical processes driving groundwater flow, and interactions with surface water, atmosphere, biota, and rocks.[49.1] Additionally, this field investigates the effects of harmful substances, including heavy metals and organic pollutants, on human health, assesses health risks associated with groundwater pollution, and devises strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases through improvements in groundwater quality.[49.1] As the demand for sustainable groundwater use rises, balancing these needs with the developmental requirements of human society remains a significant challenge.[49.1]Key Contributions by Region
Hydrogeology has evolved significantly across various regions, with key contributions that have shaped the understanding and management of groundwater resources. In the context of integrated water resources management (IWRM), hydrogeological research plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and increasing demands for freshwater. This integration is essential for formulating effective strategies for sustainable water use and conservation, as hydrogeology focuses on understanding groundwater systems and their interactions with surface water and the atmosphere.[67.1] In regions such as the Himalayas, efforts towards land management aimed at improving aquifer recharge and mitigating agricultural and urban stressors are vital. Integrated water resources management and research in this area are critical for ensuring long-term water security and environmental resilience.[65.1] The emphasis on safeguarding spring systems in the Himalayas exemplifies how regional hydrogeological studies can inform and enhance water management policies. Moreover, the increasing pressures on water resources have made integrated management a central policy objective globally. While there is extensive research on IWRM, the integration of water-related policies remains an area that requires further exploration. Effective water resources management benefits from the coordination of demands among policy actors, highlighting the importance of hydrogeological insights in shaping these policies.[66.1]In this section:
Recent Advancements
Technological Innovations
Recent advancements in hydrogeology have been significantly influenced by technological innovations, particularly in the realms of remote sensing, artificial intelligence (AI), and continuous monitoring methods. Remote sensing technologies have become essential tools for understanding and managing groundwater resources. Recent advances in these techniques enable the quantitative monitoring of groundwater storage changes, enhancing the characterization of localized groundwater measurements by integrating coarse-resolution gravity data with high-resolution ground motion observations from radar imagery.[108.1] The significance of groundwater monitoring is underscored by the role of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in this context, which are pivotal for effective groundwater management.[107.1] Furthermore, GIS mapping has been utilized to depict water quality across various geographic locations, and health risk assessments have been conducted to evaluate the impact of groundwater pollution on human health, using assessed physicochemical parameters.[95.1] This integration of remote sensing and GIS not only improves our understanding of groundwater systems but also aids in the management of water resources and the assessment of their implications for human health and ecosystem functions.[107.1] Moreover, continuous monitoring methods have been increasingly adopted to provide real-time assessments of water quality parameters. These methods enable water supply managers to rapidly and remotely evaluate measurements taken at much more frequent intervals than traditional approaches allow.[98.1] This capability is crucial for addressing groundwater contamination, which poses significant risks to human health and ecological services due to pollutants of both geogenic and anthropogenic origins.[97.1] The integration of AI and machine learning into hydrogeological practices is also transforming traditional methods. AI-driven innovations are enhancing predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and data integration, which are essential for effective groundwater management.[104.1] Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have opened new research opportunities to tackle complex groundwater-related problems, leading to the development of various DL models tailored for specific tasks.[103.1] The synergy between traditional hydrological principles and machine learning is paving the way for improved water resource management, flood prediction, and drought response.[102.1]Current Research Trends
Recent advancements in hydrogeology have significantly enhanced our understanding of groundwater systems and improved water resource management. A key focus of current research is the integration of interdisciplinary approaches, combining concepts, models, and technologies from various fields to address complex hydrogeological challenges. This includes studying the interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, which are critical for predicting and assessing changing groundwater resource trends.[92.1] The recent literature highlights several sub-themes within hydrogeology, such as theoretical advances in the conceptualization and modeling of hydrogeologic problems. These advancements are essential for developing effective strategies to manage groundwater resources sustainably while addressing the challenges posed by climate change and increasing water demands.[91.1] Moreover, the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in hydrological modeling is revolutionizing the field, enabling more accurate predictions and improved stakeholder engagement in water resource management.[93.1] Research in hydrogeology has also contributed to our understanding of groundwater dynamics, focusing on how water enters, flows through, and interacts with the subsurface environment.[94.1] This includes examining the physical and chemical processes that drive groundwater flow and the dynamic changes in hydrogeological conditions.[92.1] By investigating these interactions, hydrogeology plays a crucial role in predicting and assessing changing groundwater resource trends.[92.1] Additionally, research addresses the effects of harmful substances, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, on groundwater quality and human health, emphasizing the need for strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases.[92.1] Integrating these findings into sustainable water management policies is essential for fostering resilience in water systems, particularly in the context of climate change and its impacts on socio-economic water demands.[120.1] Support for policies aimed at preserving vital ecosystems is crucial for achieving more sustainable and resilient water management outcomes, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations between hydrogeologists and policymakers.[111.1] Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaborations are increasingly recognized as vital for effective water management solutions. Hydrogeologists are working alongside climatologists, ecologists, and social scientists to develop integrated models that consider environmental, economic, and social factors.[113.1] This collaborative approach is essential for addressing the complexities of water management and ensuring that policies are informed by comprehensive scientific research.[115.1]In this section:
Technological InnovationsRemote SensingArtificial IntelligenceContinuous MonitoringMeasurements
Applications Of Hydrogeology
Groundwater Management
Groundwater management is a crucial component of hydrogeology, concentrating on the sustainable use and protection of groundwater resources. Effective strategies often involve a "phased approach," which prioritizes setting achievable remedial objectives and optimizing selected remedies to enhance effectiveness, reduce costs, and minimize remediation time.[142.1] Site-specific selection of in situ remediation technologies is essential, considering the complexities of contaminated groundwater. This process may include developing economical materials, utilizing slow-release and encapsulated materials, and integrating multiple technologies to tackle various contamination challenges.[143.1] Additionally, assessing contaminant and soil interactions is critical. Laboratory analyses of contaminant partitioning behavior in saturated soils can inform the feasibility of groundwater extraction systems.[144.1] Hydrogeological characterization and modeling are pivotal in evaluating remediation technologies. These models clarify flow directions, pathways, rates of groundwater flow, and potential receptors of contaminants, guiding the selection of suitable remediation strategies.[145.1] The modeling process typically starts with problem identification and objective establishment, often focusing on assessing the likelihood of contaminant plumes reaching critical points or comparing various remediation strategies.[146.1] Furthermore, hydrogeological studies significantly influence local water management policies by providing insights into groundwater interactions with surface water bodies. Comprehensive investigations and water budget calculations can uncover the complex relationships between groundwater and lakes, which are vital for effective water resource management.[148.1] Successful applications of hydrogeological principles have been documented in various case studies, demonstrating improvements in water-use efficiency and resilience to environmental challenges such as droughts and floods.[150.1]Environmental Protection
Hydrogeology is the scientific study of the distribution, movement, and quality of water in the Earth's crust, focusing on aquifers that store groundwater. This field is vital for water resource management, environmental protection, and pollution control, as it helps predict water availability and address challenges related to water scarcity and contamination.[136.1] As an interdisciplinary field, hydrogeology integrates knowledge from geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering to solve environmental, geological, and engineering problems.[138.1] A primary application of hydrogeology in environmental protection is assessing and remediating groundwater pollution. Hydrogeologists evaluate groundwater quality to ensure its suitability for uses like drinking water and irrigation.[139.1] They also design strategies to clean up polluted groundwater, crucial for safeguarding public health and maintaining ecosystem integrity.[141.1] Additionally, hydrogeology enhances understanding of interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation. This knowledge is essential for predicting changes in groundwater resources influenced by various environmental factors.[141.1] By studying these interactions, hydrogeologists develop strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases, thereby improving community health and environmental quality.[141.1] Beyond pollution control, hydrogeologists ensure that water extraction does not negatively affect natural ecosystems. They assess groundwater sustainability to prevent depletion of baseflows to rivers and wetlands, critical habitats for diverse flora and fauna.[139.1] This holistic approach to groundwater management is essential for balancing human development needs with environmental conservation.[141.1]Challenges In Hydrogeology
Climate Change Impacts
The interplay between climate change and groundwater management presents significant challenges for agricultural sustainability. Groundwater is crucial for irrigation, accounting for approximately 42% of global irrigation water, yet unsustainable extraction practices threaten both water resources and food security.[193.1] Under changing climate conditions, the necessity for sustainable groundwater management becomes even more pronounced, requiring both mitigation and adaptation measures to address the threats posed by climate change.[194.1] Factors such as climate change, population growth, and overexploitation have intensified conflicts regarding groundwater quality and quantity, particularly in agricultural regions and at the urban-rural interface.[195.1] The increasing complexity of water management in agriculture, exacerbated by global climate change, poses significant challenges to the sustainability of this vital resource.[196.1] Climate change directly affects groundwater systems through temperature increases and altered precipitation patterns, leading to reduced availability of this critical resource.[197.1] To enhance the resilience of agricultural systems and mitigate their vulnerability to climate change, it is imperative to adopt advanced irrigation technologies, implement water-saving agronomic practices, and develop policies that promote sustainable water management.[196.1]Pollution and Contamination Issues
SECTION: Pollution and Contamination IssuesCONTENT: Groundwater pollution and contamination present significant challenges in hydrogeology, primarily due to anthropogenic activities, especially in urban areas where municipal and industrial activities are concentrated.[201.1] This contamination poses serious threats to human health, as polluted groundwater can infiltrate drinking water supplies, exposing populations to harmful substances.[199.1] Assessing groundwater vulnerability is crucial for identifying areas susceptible to contamination from various sources, including industrial, agricultural, and residential activities.[200.1] This assessment is vital for developing risk mitigation strategies that ensure the sustainability of groundwater resources. By pinpointing vulnerable areas, these strategies provide essential information for designing effective protection measures against contamination.[200.1] Implementing these strategies in both urban and rural settings is important to address the unique challenges posed by each environment.[200.1] Technological advancements are instrumental in addressing groundwater contamination. Innovations such as advanced sensor technologies and data analysis software enhance the accuracy and speed of contamination detection, facilitating quicker responses to pollution events.[192.1] Additionally, in-situ remediation approaches have emerged as promising solutions to combat nitrate contamination, a pressing environmental challenge due to increasing nitrate levels in groundwater.[202.1] These approaches involve assessing groundwater vulnerability and contamination risk, which are essential for developing effective mitigation strategies.[202.1]
Tools And Techniques
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are integral to hydrogeology, offering tools for the visualization, analysis, and management of spatial data related to water resources. Widely used GIS platforms, such as Esri's ArcGIS and QGIS, enable the creation of detailed maps that depict the spatial distribution of hydrogeological features like aquifers, wells, and geological formations.[248.1] These systems assist in identifying optimal locations for groundwater wells and monitoring sites by evaluating factors such as geology, hydrology, and land use.[267.1] The integration of GIS into groundwater management enhances the understanding of groundwater flow and contamination patterns. GIS applications facilitate the visualization of current groundwater conditions and the proximity to contamination sources, as well as the geological factors influencing groundwater movement.[250.1] This spatial analysis is crucial for stakeholders planning industrial plants, landfills, and agricultural operations to mitigate risks to groundwater resources.[250.1] Additionally, GIS-based models can predict water quality dynamics, enabling early detection of pollution incidents and guiding remediation efforts.[251.1] Beyond mapping and visualization, GIS tools support hydrogeological data analysis by offering functionalities for data management and spatial analysis. They can trace groundwater contaminants, optimize sampling strategies, and conduct cost-benefit analyses.[249.1] By incorporating various thematic layers, such as slope and geology, GIS analyses allow hydrologists to delineate groundwater potential zones effectively.[242.1] The reliability and validity of GIS analyses in hydrogeology are heavily dependent on the availability of high-quality data. A coherent data structure, supported by a robust computing environment, is essential for ensuring the accuracy of hydrogeological studies.[269.1] As water scarcity becomes a more pressing issue due to climate change and population growth, the effective use of GIS in irrigation planning and water resource management is critical for optimizing water use and ensuring food security.[239.1]Modeling and Simulation Methods
Modeling and simulation methods in hydrogeology are essential for managing water resources effectively, particularly in assessing the impacts of land use and climate change on groundwater recharge. Integrated modeling approaches provide a comprehensive evaluation of hydrological processes influenced by factors such as land use land cover (LULC) and climate variations.[244.1] Analyzing hydrological responses across different catchments with distinct land use and climatic conditions is crucial for predicting groundwater quality and availability.[244.1] Coupled hydrological-groundwater models simulate the interactions between surface water and groundwater systems, which is particularly valuable in data-scarce regions. These models are vital for understanding water resource dynamics and informing sustainable management practices, despite challenges posed by limited data availability.[245.1] A significant challenge in groundwater resource management is the lack of high-quality data, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where monitoring stations are limited.[246.1] This issue is pronounced in areas like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where scarce hydrogeological data hinders accurate model calibration.[247.1] Innovative methodologies, including hydro-geophysical monitoring and remote sensing techniques, are emerging to enhance groundwater resource assessment in regions with limited traditional hydrological data.[245.1] To evaluate the impact of seasonal variations in groundwater levels on crop irrigation strategies, various hydrogeological models are employed. Physical-based models such as MODFLOW, FEFLOW, and TOUGH are widely used for predicting groundwater levels and evaluating water resources due to their ability to simulate complex groundwater systems.[256.1] These models rely heavily on extensive hydrological data to ensure accurate predictions.[255.1] Incorporating climate change effects into hydrogeological models is crucial as society faces unprecedented water security challenges due to climate change. Current and future climate scenarios intensify the hydrological cycle, leading to increased variability in precipitation and runoff.[264.1] The AquiFR modeling platform, part of the EXPLORE2 project, assesses the impact of climate change projected by regional climate models on several French aquifers. This platform uses a multi-model ensemble approach to simulate hydrogeological projections, enhancing our understanding of groundwater and surface water interactions.[263.1] Additionally, models such as WetSpass and MODFLOW allow for comparisons between simulated past, recent, and potential future scenarios, providing valuable insights into hydrological dynamics in response to climate change.[265.1]In this section:
Future Directions
Emerging Research Areas
Emerging research areas in hydrogeology are increasingly focused on integrating advanced technologies to enhance groundwater management and sustainability. A significant advancement is the incorporation of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) into hydrological modeling, which is transforming water resource management by improving predictive accuracy and enabling more effective strategies in response to climate change and rising water demands.[286.1] AI's capacity to analyze large datasets and identify complex patterns offers innovative solutions for managing water supply, assessing flood and drought risks, and monitoring water quality.[287.1] The integration of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) is also a critical area of research. These tools facilitate the exploration and assessment of groundwater resources, selection of artificial recharge sites, and modeling of subsurface flow and pollution.[284.1] The combination of RS and GIS enhances the understanding of groundwater flow systems and supports environmental monitoring and emergency response efforts.[284.1] Recent advancements have significantly enhanced our understanding of groundwater dynamics, including its occurrence, movement, and quality.[272.1] This research is crucial for groundwater management and sustainability, especially in the context of climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation.[273.1] By examining interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeology aids in predicting and assessing changing groundwater resource trends.[274.1] Furthermore, sophisticated numerical models have evolved to inform policy and management decisions, as well as guide remediation and preventative efforts.[275.1] These models are essential for investigating interactions of water and solutes at the surface-subsurface boundary across various spatial and temporal scales.[275.1] Uncertainty quantification remains a vital focus, as many fundamental questions in hydrogeology remain unresolved despite extensive research.[278.1] Addressing these uncertainties is crucial for developing effective strategies for sustainable groundwater use while meeting societal developmental needs.[274.1]Policy and Management Implications
Effective groundwater management necessitates a comprehensive approach that combines scientific research, policy-making, and community engagement. Interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and local communities is crucial to tackle the complexities of groundwater pollution and its effects on human health and the environment. This collaboration enhances the understanding of groundwater contamination and improves management strategies, as demonstrated by recent case studies and scientific findings.[314.1] To mitigate groundwater contamination risks, adherence to safety regulations when using fertilizers is vital, as improper application can introduce emerging contaminants like pesticides and heavy metals, posing significant health risks.[313.1] Additionally, implementing climate-resilient infrastructure, capacity building, knowledge management, and climate-smart agricultural practices are key components of effective groundwater management.[315.1] Groundwater serves as a buffer against seasonal rainfall changes predicted by climate models, supporting climate change adaptation when managed within an integrated water resource management (IWRM) plan.[316.1] Continuous monitoring and assessment of groundwater supplies and their climate interactions are essential for optimizing resource potential and ensuring sustainability.[315.1] Future groundwater management should integrate hydrogeological research into actionable practices, considering climate change and land use impacts. Strategies must address the combined effects of these factors, along with population changes, on water flow and quality at the basin scale.[317.1] A key challenge is translating uncertainties from aquifer properties, climate forecasts, water demand projections, land-use changes, and economic valuation into decision support systems for policymakers.[318.1] Addressing these challenges will enable the development of effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies within an integrated water management framework. Innovative approaches, such as geophysical monitoring methods, effective rainwater harvesting, and aquifer afforestation, are proposed to enhance water security, particularly in arid regions.[319.1] These strategies aim to ensure equitable access to safe and clean drinking water, addressing both current and future challenges in groundwater resource management.In this section:
References
[1] Hydrogeology Introduction with basic terms | PPT - SlideShare — This document provides an introduction to key concepts in hydrogeology. It defines hydrogeology as the study of groundwater distribution and movement in relation to geology. Key topics covered include the hydrologic cycle, parameters for evaluating surface and groundwater, common groundwater issues, and aquifer types.
[2] Hydrogeology - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics — Hydrogeology is the study of the movement of water through the subsurface geologic environment. This article reviews the basic concepts of groundwater flow through sediments and bedrock, and the key equations that are used to quantify the rates of groundwater flow. These equations are central to the formulation of numerical simulation models
[4] What is Hydrogeology and what do Hydrogeologists do? - IAH — Hydrogeology is the study of groundwater – it is sometimes referred to as geohydrology or groundwater hydrology. Hydrogeology deals with how water gets into the ground (recharge), how it flows in the subsurface (through aquifers) and how groundwater interacts with the surrounding soil and rock (the geology). Hydrogeologists apply this knowledge to many practical uses. They might: Design and construct water wells for drinking water supply, irrigation schemes and other purposes; Try to discover how much water is available to sustain water supplies so that these do not adversely affect the environment – for example, by depleting natural baseflows to rivers and important wetland ecosystems; Investigate the quality of the water to ensure that it is fit for its intended use; Where the groundwater is polluted, they design schemes to try and clean up this pollution; Design construction dewatering schemes and deal with groundwater problems associated with mining; Help to harness geothermal energy through groundwater-based heat pumps.
[5] Hydrogeology - Wikipedia — Hydrogeology is an interdisciplinary subject; it can be difficult to account fully for the chemical, physical, biological, and even legal interactions between soil, water, nature, and society.The study of the interaction between groundwater movement and geology can be quite complex. Groundwater does not always follow the surface topography; groundwater follows pressure gradients (flow from
[6] Modeling Groundwater Resources in Data-Scarce Regions for Sustainable ... — Hydrogeological studies and aquifer modeling are often hindered by the absence of long-term water table records and the difficulties in accessing relevant locations, making it challenging to manage local resources effectively .
[7] Hydrogeology and Environmental Challenges: A Review of Current Trends ... — Integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) also makes planning for water resources more spatially optimal. Climate change makes hydrogeological problems worse by changing the trends of rainfall, speeding up the rate of evaporation, and making droughts and floods worse.
[8] Integrating geospatial, hydrogeological, and geophysical data to ... — However, identifying and evaluating groundwater recharge potential zones (GWPZs) remains a challenge due to the dynamic interplay of hydrogeological and urban development factors.
[9] Hydrogeological Modeling and Water Resources Management: Improving the ... — A risk-based decision-making mechanism capable of accounting for uncertainty regarding local conditions is crucial to water resources management, regulation, and policy making. Despite the great potential of hydrogeological models in supporting water resources decisions, challenges remain due to the many sources of uncertainty as well as making and communicating decisions mindful of this
[11] Circular 1139 - USGS Publications Warehouse — Two activities related to agriculture that are particularly relevant to the interaction of ground water and surface water are irrigation and application of chemicals to cropland. Figure 25. Human activities and structures, as depicted by the distribution of various examples in the conceptual landscape, affect the interaction of ground water and
[12] Water Pollution Reduction for Sustainable Urban Development — Modern farming methods, rapid urban growth, and the expansion of industrial operations have led to a rise in water waste production. This condition, in turn, directly impacts human well-being by degrading water quality [].The decline in water quality poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health, with groundwater depletion a major concern [].
[13] Urban Groundwater Pollution: Causes, impacts and mitigation — Anthropogenic contamination mainly emanates from human activities and is more detrimental over the natural ones. It is much more aggravated in cities due to local concentration of human activities like municipal, industrial, etc. (Martínez-Bravo and Martínez-del-Río, 2019).Anthropogenic contamination plays a major role in altering the groundwater regimes in urban areas.
[14] (Pdf) Agricultural Activities Causing Water Pollution and Its ... — The present study is about knowing how agricultural activities are causing surface and groundwater pollution. The crucial agricultural practices affect other environmental services like a nutrient
[15] Groundwater Pollution | SpringerLink — Groundwater pollution due to human activities (agricultural practices, industrial development, urbanization, etc.) and natural sources primarily takes place through leaching, infiltration, and direct discharge. ... Use of polluted groundwater often causes many ailments among human beings. ... Agricultural runoff in urban fringe areas also
[16] Factors That Influence Groundwater Movement - Geology In — The steeper the gradient, the faster the groundwater flows. Aquifer Properties Aquifer Properties: Aquifers are geological formations that can store and transmit significant amounts of water. The properties of aquifers, such as their thickness, permeability, and storage capacity, greatly affect groundwater movement.
[19] Aquifers - Education | National Geographic Society — An aquifer is a body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater. Groundwater is the word used to describe precipitation that has infiltrated the soil beyond the surface and collected in empty spaces underground.. There are two general types of aquifers: confined and unconfined.Confined aquifers have a layer of impenetrable rock or clay above them, while unconfined . aquifers lie below a
[22] PDF — Geological formations also play a critical role in the spatial distribution of groundwater resources in tropical regions. The variability in rock types and structures across the landscape leads to significant heterogeneity in groundwater availability.12 In some areas, groundwater may be abundant and easily accessible, while in others,
[23] Impact of hydro-geological environment on availability of groundwater ... — The availability of groundwater in terms of occurrence and movement depends on permeability and porosity of surface and sub-surface lithology (Krishnamurthy et al., 1996; Shahid et al., 2000). In case of hard rock formation, the sources of secondary porosity are fractures, joints, solution openings and plants and animals made openings.
[45] Advances in Hydrogeology: Trend, Model, Methodology and Concepts - MDPI — The recent developments in hydrogeology allow better water resource management and define a roadmap for facing future challenges. The hydrogeologist community has developed interdisciplinary approaches in term of concepts, models, and technology, tools at different scales (from the lab to the field).
[48] History of Hydrogeology | Nicholas Howden, John Mather - Taylor & Fran — Lessons can be learnt from the past; from time to time it is useful for practitioners to look back over the historical developments of their science. Hydrogeology has developed from humble beginnings into the broad church of investigatory procedures which collectively form the modern-day hydrogeologist's tool box. Hydrogeology remains a
[49] Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony ... - MDPI — Next Article in Journal Journals Journals Find a Journal Journal Journals By probing the interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeology enables the prediction and assessment of changing groundwater resource trends . This field’s research focuses include the hydrogeological conditions affecting groundwater, its dynamic changes, the physical and chemical processes driving groundwater flow, and the interactions between groundwater and other elements like surface water, atmosphere, biota, and rocks. Research in this domain includes studying the effects of harmful substances in groundwater (such as heavy metals and organic pollutants) on human health, assessing the health risks associated with groundwater pollution, and devising strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases through groundwater quality improvement. Determining how to realize the sustainable use of groundwater resources while meeting the development needs of human society is a significant challenge in modern hydrogeology.
[50] Hydrologic modeling: progress and future directions — Hydrology has a long history dating back to several millennia (Biswas 1970).However, the birth of hydrologic modeling can be traced to the 1850s when Mulvany developed a method for computing the time of concentration and hence the rational method for computing peak discharge which is still used for urban drainage design, Darcy who conducted experiments on flow-through sands and developed what
[51] PDF — History of Hydrogeology Early 17 th century - groundwater was believed to be seawater pumped up into the land by either tidal forces or air pressure Some major advances in the development of hydrogeology as a science: - In the latter part of the 17th century Pierre Perrault conducted hydrologic investigations in the Seine River basin
[53] History And Origin of Hydrology - Development of Hydrology - AboutCivil.Org — It was along the Indus in Pakistan, the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, the Hwang Ho in China, and the Nile in Egypt that the first hydraulic engineers created canals, levees, dams, subsurface water conduits, and wells as early as 5000-6000 years ago. Advances in the 18 th century included the Bernoulli piezometer and Bernoulli's equation, by Daniel Bernoulli, the Pitot tube.
[65] Hydrogeochemical characterization and water quality assessment of ... — Efforts towards land management to improve aquifer recharge, and the mitigation of agricultural and urban stressors is important. Safeguarding the Himalayan Spring systems through integrated water resources management and research is critical to ensuring long-term water security and environmental resilience.
[66] Integrated Water Resources Management and Policy Integration ... - MDPI — In times of increasing pressures on water resources, the integrated management of the resource is a central policy objective. While there exists encompassing research about the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM), much remains to be studied regarding the integration of water-related policies. Water resources management profits when policy actors coordinate their demands and
[67] Sustainable Water Resources Management : Insights from Hydrogeology and ... — Sustainable water resources management is pivotal in addressing the growing challenges posed by climate change, population growth, and increasing demands for freshwater. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogeology and hydrology's role in formulating effective strategies for sustainable water use and conservation. Hydrogeology focuses on understanding groundwater systems
[91] Advances in Hydrogeology - SpringerLink — Each chapter extends or summarizes a recent development in hydrogeology, with forward-looking statements regarding the challenges and strengths that are faced. While the title and scope is broad, there are several sub-themes that connect the chapters. Themes include theoretical advances in conceptualization and modeling of hydrogeologic problems.
[92] Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony ... - MDPI — Next Article in Journal Journals Journals Find a Journal Journal Journals By probing the interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeology enables the prediction and assessment of changing groundwater resource trends . This field’s research focuses include the hydrogeological conditions affecting groundwater, its dynamic changes, the physical and chemical processes driving groundwater flow, and the interactions between groundwater and other elements like surface water, atmosphere, biota, and rocks. Research in this domain includes studying the effects of harmful substances in groundwater (such as heavy metals and organic pollutants) on human health, assessing the health risks associated with groundwater pollution, and devising strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases through groundwater quality improvement. Determining how to realize the sustainable use of groundwater resources while meeting the development needs of human society is a significant challenge in modern hydrogeology.
[93] Revolutionizing the future of hydrological science: Impact of machine ... — Revolutionizing the future of hydrological science: Impact of machine learning and deep learning amidst emerging explainable AI and transfer learning - ScienceDirect Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are revolutionizing hydrology, driving significant advancements in water resource management, modeling, and prediction. As hydrology faces escalating challenges due to human-induced climate change and growing water demands, the continued evolution of AI-integrated models and innovations in data handling and stakeholder engagement will be imperative. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the critical role of AI-driven hydrological modeling in addressing global water challenges, including climate change adaptation, sustainable water resource management, and disaster risk reduction. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[94] Hydrogeology: The Study of Groundwater and Its Applications — Hydrogeology is the study of how water enters, flows through, and interacts with the subsurface environment. Hydrogeologists apply their knowledge to practical applications such as water well design, groundwater quality investigation, and remediation of polluted groundwater.
[95] Impact of Pollutants on Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment ... — To depict the quality of water for various geographic locations in the city, GIS mapping has been carried out. In addition, to evaluate the impact of groundwater pollution on human health in the city, a health risk assessment has been carried out using the assessed physicochemical parameters.
[97] Sources and Consequences of Groundwater Contamination — Abstract. Groundwater contamination is a global problem that has a significant impact on human health and ecological services. Studies reported in this special issue focus on contaminants in groundwater of geogenic and anthropogenic origin distributed over a wide geographic range, with contributions from researchers studying groundwater contamination in India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Ethiopia
[98] Monitoring groundwater quality with real-time data, stable water ... — Continuous methods are increasingly being used to monitor groundwater bodies and other water sources (Banna et al., 2014; Capodaglio and Callegari, 2009; Lee et al., 2007; Lee and Kwon, 2016; Storey et al., 2011).These methods allow water supply managers to rapidly and remotely view and evaluate measurements of water quality parameters taken at much more frequent time intervals than possible
[102] Perspective Chapter: Big Data and Deep Learning in Hydrological ... — This chapter delves into the integration of physical mechanisms with deep learning models to enhance the interpretability and accuracy of hydrological process modeling. In the era of big data and rapid advancements in AI, the synergy between traditional hydrological principles and machine learning opens new opportunities for improved water resource management, flood prediction, and drought
[103] An Overview of Deep Learning Applications in Groundwater Level Modeling ... — Recent advancements in DL have created new research opportunities to tackle increasingly complex problems, including those related to groundwater studies. DL has evolved, resulting in several DL models with various characteristics developed for specific tasks.
[104] Artificial intelligence in groundwater management: Innovations ... — AI-driven innovations are designed to revolutionize groundwater management, providing precise predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and data integration.
[107] Advancements in Remote Sensing and GIS for Sustainable Groundwater ... — The significance of groundwater monitoring is highlighted, emphasizing the role of remote sensing and GIS as powerful tools in understanding and managing groundwater resources.
[108] Remote Sensing Technologies for Unlocking New Groundwater Insights: A ... — Remote Sensing Technologies for Unlocking New Groundwater Insights: A Comprehensive Review - ScienceDirect Remote Sensing Technologies for Unlocking New Groundwater Insights: A Comprehensive Review This study examined recent advances in remote sensing (RS) techniques used for the quantitative monitoring of groundwater storage changes and assessed their current capabilities and limitations. Key developments reveal enhanced characterisation of localised groundwater measurement by integrating coarse-resolution gravity data with high-resolution ground motion observations from radar imagery. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for water resource and remote sensing experts, providing insights into the evolving landscape of methodologies and paving the way for future advancements in groundwater storage monitoring tools. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[111] PDF — support for policies aimed at preserving these vital ecosystems, ultimately leading to more sustainable and resilient water management outcomes . Conclusion Advancements in hydrogeology research are essential for uncovering the complexities of groundwater dynamics and informing sustainable management practices.
[113] PDF — Interdisciplinary research plays a critical role in bridging hydrogeology and hydrology to address complex water management challenges. Hydrogeologists and hydrologists often work with climatologists, ecologists, and social scientists to develop integrated models and frameworks that account for environmental, economic, and social factors.
[115] Interdisciplinary and participatory approaches: the key to effective ... — The challenges of a changing world, which are progressively threatening sustainable use of groundwater resources, can only be rationally and effectively addressed through close collaboration between experts and practitioners from different disciplines. Furthermore, science and management need to build on stakeholder opinions and processes in order to generate useful knowledge and positive
[120] PDF — Keywords: Sustainable water management, Hydrogeology, Groundwater and surface water integration, Climate resilience, Managed aquifer recharge Publication Issue : Volume 10, Issue 6 ... Strategies Impacts of climate change on socio-economic water demands Adapting water allocation to account for climate variability and extreme events.
[136] Hydrogeology: Importance & Methods | Vaia — Hydrogeology is the scientific study of the distribution, movement, and quality of water in the Earth's crust, focusing on aquifers that store groundwater. It plays a crucial role in water resource management, environmental protection, and pollution control. Understanding hydrogeology helps predict water availability and address challenges related to water scarcity and contamination.
[138] Hydrogeology and Hydrologic Cycle - Geology Science — Hydrogeology is an interdisciplinary field that draws on geology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering to address a wide range of environmental, geological, and engineering problems.
[139] What is Hydrogeology and what do Hydrogeologists do? - IAH — Hydrogeology is the study of groundwater – it is sometimes referred to as geohydrology or groundwater hydrology. Hydrogeology deals with how water gets into the ground (recharge), how it flows in the subsurface (through aquifers) and how groundwater interacts with the surrounding soil and rock (the geology). Hydrogeologists apply this knowledge to many practical uses. They might: Design and construct water wells for drinking water supply, irrigation schemes and other purposes; Try to discover how much water is available to sustain water supplies so that these do not adversely affect the environment – for example, by depleting natural baseflows to rivers and important wetland ecosystems; Investigate the quality of the water to ensure that it is fit for its intended use; Where the groundwater is polluted, they design schemes to try and clean up this pollution; Design construction dewatering schemes and deal with groundwater problems associated with mining; Help to harness geothermal energy through groundwater-based heat pumps.
[141] Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony ... - MDPI — Next Article in Journal Journals Journals Find a Journal Journal Journals By probing the interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeology enables the prediction and assessment of changing groundwater resource trends . This field’s research focuses include the hydrogeological conditions affecting groundwater, its dynamic changes, the physical and chemical processes driving groundwater flow, and the interactions between groundwater and other elements like surface water, atmosphere, biota, and rocks. Research in this domain includes studying the effects of harmful substances in groundwater (such as heavy metals and organic pollutants) on human health, assessing the health risks associated with groundwater pollution, and devising strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases through groundwater quality improvement. Determining how to realize the sustainable use of groundwater resources while meeting the development needs of human society is a significant challenge in modern hydrogeology.
[142] Selecting a Groundwater Remedy - US EPA — This guidance outlines the "phased approach" strategy for addressing contaminated groundwater. The strategy emphasizes ways to select achievable remedial objectives and optimize the selected remedy so it is more effective, less costly, and takes less time.
[143] An overview of in situ remediation for groundwater co-contaminated with ... — The selection of an in situ remediation technology should be site specific. The remediation of complex contaminated groundwater can be approached from various perspectives, including the development of economical materials, the production of slow-release and encapsulated materials, and a combination of multiple technologies.
[144] PDF — Assess contaminant/soil interactions to aid in assessing the effectiveness of a ground-water extraction system. Laboratory analysis of contaminant partitioning behavior in the saturated soil may be critical to the development of the remedy and the determination of whether ground-water extraction is practicable.
[145] Hydrogeological Characterization and Modeling - geosyntec.com — Ultimately, hydrogeological characterization and modeling affects the performance of any remediation technologies deployed as a solution. Smart Groundwater Remediation. These investigations and models help us better understand flow directions, pathways, rates of groundwater flow, potential receptors of groundwater, potential contaminants, and
[146] Hydrogeological Modeling - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics — The hydrogeological modeling process starts with identifying and defining the problem and setting the modeling objectives. In contaminant site assessment, the objectives often focus on determining the likelihood of a contaminant plume reaching a critical point, or on a comparative evaluation of various remediation strategies.
[148] Impact of Hydrogeological Regime Changes on Surface Water ... - SSRN — Hydrogeological investigations, water budget calculation, and statistical analyses were used to evaluate the complex interactions between groundwater and lakes. Cross-correlation analysis was applied during three time-frame (2009-2020) to examine interrelation between water bodies in BTL and groundwater levels in 87 observation wells.
[150] PDF — Case studies are presented to highlight successful applications of hydrogeological and hydrological principles in improving water-use efficiency and resilience to droughts and floods.
[192] Groundwater Contamination: Investigative Methods & Solutions — Innovations in technology also contribute significantly to efficient groundwater cleanup. Advanced sensor technologies and data analysis software improve the accuracy and speed of contamination detection, enabling quicker responses.
[193] Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Groundwater Management — The interplay between climate change and groundwater management is another critical aspect of agricultural sustainability. A recent study published in Nature Sustainability underscores the importance of groundwater for irrigation, which accounts for approximately 42% of irrigation water globally. However, unsustainable groundwater extraction poses severe risks to both water resources and food
[194] Sustainable Groundwater Management Under Global Climate Change ... — Sustainable groundwater management is vital under changing climate conditions in the world, and it is essential to focus on both mitigation and adaptation measures to overcome this threat. ... and climate-smart agricultural practices, are discussed. Case studies and best practices for groundwater management in different contexts, such as arid
[195] Home :: Toward Sustainable Groundwater in Agriculture — Climate change, population growth, overexploitation, salinization and nonpoint source (diffuse) pollution from agricultural activities (including animal farming, ranching, and forestry activities) have exacerbated groundwater quality and quantity conflicts within agricultural regions, at the urban-rural interface, at the agriculture-environment
[196] Sustainable Management and Regulation of Agricultural Water Resources ... — (This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management and Regulation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Context of Global Climate Change) However, the increasing complexity of water management in agriculture, exacerbated by global climate change, poses significant challenges to the sustainability of this vital resource. Therefore, this Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of the risks and adaptation strategies in agricultural water management, with the goal of enhancing the efficient use of limited water resources and ensuring food security in a changing climate. However, by adopting advanced irrigation technologies, implementing water-saving agronomic practices, and developing policies that promote sustainable water management, it is possible to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems and reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
[197] A Critical Review of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater ... - MDPI — The Earth's water resources, totalling 1.386 billion cubic kilometres, predominantly consist of saltwater in oceans. Groundwater plays a pivotal role, with 99% of usable freshwater supporting 1.5-3 billion people as a drinking water source and 60-70% for irrigation. Climate change, with temperature increases and altered precipitation patterns, directly impacts groundwater systems
[199] Navigating Urban Pollution: Strategies for Mitigating Groundwater ... — The interconnectedness of urban activities and their impact on groundwater underscores the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies. Implications for human health and ecosystems Groundwater contamination poses a significant threat to human health, as contaminated groundwater can enter drinking water sources and expose individuals to a
[200] Groundwater vulnerability and risk mitigation: A comprehensive review ... — Groundwater vulnerability assessment and risk mitigation strategies are critical to ensure the sustainability of this resource. This assessment helps to identify areas that are most susceptible to groundwater contamination from various sources such as industrial, agricultural, or residential activities (Bose et al., 2023; Machiwal et al., 2018).
[201] Urban Groundwater Pollution: Causes, impacts and mitigation — Anthropogenic contamination mainly emanates from human activities and is more detrimental over the natural ones. It is much more aggravated in cities due to local concentration of human activities like municipal, industrial, etc. (Martínez-Bravo and Martínez-del-Río, 2019).Anthropogenic contamination plays a major role in altering the groundwater regimes in urban areas.
[202] Mitigating nitrate contamination in groundwater: A comprehensive review ... — Mitigating nitrate contamination in groundwater: A comprehensive review of in-situ approaches - ScienceDirect Groundwater, serving as a lifeline for billions worldwide (Malakar et al., 2023), faces a pressing environmental challenge due to increasing nitrate (NO3−) contamination levels (Belitz et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2022). Additionally, the discharge of nitrate-laden groundwater into surface waters has led to eutrophication (Lust et al., 2020) and seasonal hypoxia (Martínez et al., 2019), further highlighting the detrimental environmental impacts (Nolan et al., 2002). In-situ remediation approaches have emerged as a promising solution to combat the growing challenges of nitrate contamination (Elleuch et al., 2020). The in-situ approach involves assessing groundwater vulnerability and contamination risk, which is crucial for effective mitigation strategies (Awais et al., 2021).
[239] Integration of GIS for Better Irrigation Planning — The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into irrigation planning represents a transformative approach to enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. As water scarcity intensifies due to climate change and population growth, effective irrigation management is critical for optimizing water use and ensuring food security.
[242] Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones by Integrating ... — Groundwater management in the Jinan Spring basin is hampered by its complex topography, overexploitation, and excessive urbanisation. This has led to springs drying up during dry seasons and a decrease in discharge in recent years. GIS and the AHP were employed to delineate groundwater potential zones using eight thematic layers: slope, geology, lineament density, topographic wetness index
[244] Full article: Impact of land use change on hydrological systems: A ... — The following conclusions may be drawn from this review: (1) it is necessary to model the possible impacts of land use change and climate change in order to proceed with effective water resources management, (2) it is important to analyze the variation in hydrological response in catchments with different land use characteristics and climatic
[245] Modeling Groundwater Resources in Data-Scarce Regions for ... - MDPI — Coupled hydrological-groundwater models offer a comprehensive approach to simulating the complex interactions between surface water and groundwater systems in data-scarce regions. Despite these limitations, coupled hydrological-groundwater models prove valuable for understanding water resource dynamics and informing sustainable management practices in data-scarce environments. Water balance models offer a valuable approach for estimating groundwater recharge and resources in data-scarce regions. Innovative approaches for data-scarce regions are also emerging, showcasing the potential of hydro-geophysical monitoring using gravity data to assess groundwater resources in areas with limited traditional hydrological data , or proposing a feasible methodology for groundwater resource modeling in sparse-data drylands, combining limited field data with remote sensing and modeling techniques . "Modeling Groundwater Resources in Data-Scarce Regions for Sustainable Management: Methodologies and Limits" Hydrology 12, no.
[246] Groundwater modelling applications coupled with space-based ... — Evaluating the effects of climate change on groundwater and dependent systems is challenging because of the complexity of these systems and the insufficiency of accessible data (Goderniaux et al., 2009). The process of analyzing the relationship between GDEs and the underlying aquifers is limited by the lack of data such as groundwater levels, flow rates, and water quality (Eamus et al., 2015; Doody et al., 2017; Link et al., 2023). Groundwater resource management and modelling is hindered by the lack of high-quality data, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where there are limited monitoring stations (Brunner et al., 2007; Singh, 2014).
[247] Resolving challenges of groundwater flow modelling for improved water ... — This narrative review examines the role of groundwater flow models in sustainable water resource management, focusing on challenges and solutions to enhance model reliability. A key challenge is data limitation—especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where scarce hydrogeological data hinders accurate model calibration.
[248] PDF — GIS Solutions for Groundwater Esri's ArcGIS® provides tools that help you manage, visualize, and analyze your hydrogeologic data and support groundwater analysis and modeling. Using ArcGIS, you will be able to create maps of hydrogeologic systems showing spatial features such as aquifers, wells, geologic formations, and springs.
[249] PDF — GIS Application in Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination The application of GIS in tracing the groundwater contaminant produces endpoints of visualization, sample optimization, and cost-benefit analysis. Visualization uses the software to organize and display site and contamination data. It is good approach to
[250] Contamination - GIS Use Cases | Atlas — GIS applications aid in visualizing existing groundwater conditions, proximity to contamination sources, and geological factors that influence groundwater movement. This spatial analysis enables stakeholders to plan the location of industrial plants, landfills, and agricultural operations in a way that minimizes the threat to groundwater resources.
[251] GIS Applications in Water Resource Management and Conservation — GIS-based models facilitate the prediction of water quality dynamics, enabling early detection of pollution incidents and guiding remediation efforts. Groundwater Management: GIS technology aids in groundwater management by mapping aquifer characteristics, groundwater levels, and recharge zones.
[255] Prediction of groundwater level under the influence of groundwater ... — Previous studies have indicated that physical-based models, such as GMS, MODFLOW, and TOUGH, have a predominant advantage for the prediction of groundwater levels in complex hydrogeological conditions (Chen et al., 2020; Tawara et al., 2020; Mohammed et al., 2022). However, these numerical models completely depend on hydrological information
[256] Data-driven models for accurate groundwater level prediction and their ... — Physical-based models such as MODFLOW, FEFLOW and TOUGH, have been widely used in GWL prediction and the quantitative evaluation of water resources due to their advantages to simulate complex groundwater systems (Palma and Bentley, 2007, Feng et al., 2011, Hu and Jiao, 2015).The accuracy of the numerical models depends on a massive amount of data related to the groundwater system, mainly
[263] PDF — As part of the EXPLORE2 project, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of climate change projected by regional cli-mate models on several French aquifers of interest. For this purpose, the hydrogeological modelling platform AquiFR is used to simulate hydrogeological projections using an multi-model ensemble approach based on 36 climate
[264] Climate-informed hydrologic modeling and policy typology to guide ... — Our society is facing unprecedented water security challenges from climate change. Current and future climate change is intensifying the hydrological cycle (1, 2), leading to increased variability of precipitation and runoff (3, 4).The combined effect is more frequent and severe droughts (5, 6) and floods (7, 8), as well as more frequent swings between them ().
[265] Climate change and watershed hydrology: assessing ... - IWA Publishing — The application of WetSpass and MODFLOW model output to a hydrologic model allows for comparisons between simulated past, recent, and potential futures and provides an important understanding of the hydrological dynamics in response to climate change. To understand the effects of climate variation on hydrological processes, six different
[267] Application of GIS and RS in Hydrogeology: Insights from ... - Springer — Geographic information systems (GIS) are commonly used to create detailed maps that show the spatial distribution of hydrogeological features. When planning the construction of groundwater wells or monitoring wells, spatial data is used to identify suitable locations based on factors like geology, hydrology, and land use.
[269] GIS-Based Hydrogeological Databases and Groundwater Modeling - ResearchGate — Reliability and validity of groundwater analysis strongly depend on the availability of large volumes of high-quality data. Putting all data into a coherent and logical structure supported by a
[272] PDF — Hydrogeology research encompasses a wide range of studies aimed at understanding the occurrence, movement, and quality of groundwater. Recent advancements have significantly improved our ability to analyze groundwater dynamics. For instance, the development of sophisticated numerical models
[273] Future Research Imperatives in Hydrogeology | SpringerLink — This chapter explores critical advancements in the field of hydrogeology and outlines essential priorities for future research by emphasizing on growing importance of groundwater management and sustainability in the face of climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation. ... Recent development of NASA's Gravity Recovery and
[274] Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony ... - MDPI — Next Article in Journal Journals Journals Find a Journal Journal Journals By probing the interactions between groundwater, surface water, and atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeology enables the prediction and assessment of changing groundwater resource trends . This field’s research focuses include the hydrogeological conditions affecting groundwater, its dynamic changes, the physical and chemical processes driving groundwater flow, and the interactions between groundwater and other elements like surface water, atmosphere, biota, and rocks. Research in this domain includes studying the effects of harmful substances in groundwater (such as heavy metals and organic pollutants) on human health, assessing the health risks associated with groundwater pollution, and devising strategies to prevent and control waterborne diseases through groundwater quality improvement. Determining how to realize the sustainable use of groundwater resources while meeting the development needs of human society is a significant challenge in modern hydrogeology.
[275] Recent advances in integrated hydrologic models: Integration of new ... — Several reviews and model intercomparison studies of these integrated hydrologic models have been completed in recent years (e.g., Fan et al., 2019, Maxwell et al., 2014), and the use of these models has evolved to applications that include informing policy and management decisions, and guiding remediation and preventative efforts (e.g., Brookfield and Gnau, 2016, Brookfield and Layzell, 2019, Thatch et al., 2020). Hydrological models have been developed to investigate the interactions of water and solutes at the surface–subsurface boundary over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales (Havis et al., 1992; Shi et al., 2011; Brookfield et al., 2023).
[278] PDF — Abstract: Many of hydrogeology's most fundamental questions remain unresolved today, a hundred years after the basic governing equations for groundwater flow and transport were formulated. This paper provides a brief overview of the field and outlines the future directions, with a special emphasis on uncertainty quantification.
[284] Integrating remote sensing, geographic information systems and global ... — Integration of remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) are emerging research areas in the field of groundwater hydrology, resource management, environmental monitoring and during emergency response. The paper revealed six major areas of Remote Sensing and GIS applications in groundwater hydrology (1) exploration and assessment (2) selection of artificial recharge sites (3) GIS based sub-surface flow and pollution modeling (4) groundwater pollution hazard assessment and protection planning (5) estimation of natural recharge distribution (6) hydrological data analysis and process monitoring. Integration hyperspectral remotely sensed data, GIS and GPS could act as an effective tool in characterizing groundwater flow systems (Singh et al.
[286] Revolutionizing the future of hydrological science: Impact of machine ... — Revolutionizing the future of hydrological science: Impact of machine learning and deep learning amidst emerging explainable AI and transfer learning - ScienceDirect Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are revolutionizing hydrology, driving significant advancements in water resource management, modeling, and prediction. As hydrology faces escalating challenges due to human-induced climate change and growing water demands, the continued evolution of AI-integrated models and innovations in data handling and stakeholder engagement will be imperative. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the critical role of AI-driven hydrological modeling in addressing global water challenges, including climate change adaptation, sustainable water resource management, and disaster risk reduction. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
[287] The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Hydrology, Volume II - MDPI — Artificial intelligence, together with a large amount of hydrological data currently available, provide the ideal conditions to create AI tools aimed at managing water supply, flood, and drought risk assessment, monitoring water quality, modeling groundwater level, predicting suspended sediment load, managing dams, modeling rainfall-runoff
[313] A comprehensive review on human health hazards due to groundwater ... — Major emerging contaminants from pesticides, pathogens, metals cause adverse effects on human health. To reduce the risk of groundwater contamination, safety regulations should be followed when applying both organic and inorganic fertilizers to crops, to eliminate pesticide waste (Pradhan et al., 2023). Another area under investigation is in
[314] Groundwater Pollution Control and Groundwater Management - MDPI — To effectively address groundwater pollution, interdisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and local communities are crucial. This research paper will explore various case studies and scientific findings that elucidate the state of groundwater pollution and the efficacy of different management strategies [26,27
[315] Sustainable Groundwater Management Under Global Climate Change ... — Climate-resilient infrastructure, capacity building and knowledge management, and climate-smart agricultural practices are also important components of effective groundwater management. Future directions must include continued monitoring and assessment of groundwater supplies and their interactions with the changing climate.
[316] PDF — groundwater can act as a buffer to seasonal changes in rainfall patterns that are predicted by climate change models. Therefore, it can support climate change adaptation when managed effectively as part of an integrated water resource management (IWRM)4 plan to optimize its potential and ensure its sustainability. Groundwater
[317] Conjunctive surface water and groundwater management under climate change — In order to generate more effective climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, the combined effects of climate and land use changes as well as other factors such as population changes on flow and water quality on a basin scale should be incorporated into the integrated water management framework (Parajuli, 2010; Tong et al., 2012
[318] Global change and the groundwater management challenge — A fundamental technical challenge for groundwater management modeling is to translate uncertainties from multiple sources, including aquifer properties, future climate forecasts, water demand projections, land-use change, and economic valuation of water, into decision support systems that quantify risk and are easy to use by policy makers and
[319] Assessment of groundwater challenge and the sustainable management ... — Five top priorities were proposed as the way forward to improve the water's future, especially in hot arid regions, which include but are not limited to (i) geophysical methods for monitoring and management, (ii) effective rainwater harvesting mechanisms (ERHM), (iii) additional storage support mechanism (ASSM), (iv) developing pollutants filters, and (v) aquifer afforestation, to nail the acute water challenges for effective water security and sustainability. Finally, the outcomes from the study would help all the stakeholders and policymakers in groundwater resource management to take decisive and sustainable measures for safe water supply in the affected areas to meet the global target of equitable access to safe, affordable, clean, and unpolluted drinking water.