Steven J. Spencer

Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance

Steven J. Spencer, Claude M. Steele, Diane M. Quinn · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · 1999 · 3.4K citations

Mathematics Education, Gendered Perception, Gender Identity +8

Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes.

Steven J. Spencer, Mark P. Zanna, Geoffrey T. Fong · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 2005 · 2.4K citations

Behavioral Decision Making, Social Psychology, Social Influence +19

Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others.

Steven Fein, Steven J. Spencer · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1997 · 1K citations

Social Psychology, Discrimination, Racial Prejudice +21

Clearing the Air: Identity Safety Moderates the Effects of Stereotype Threat on Women's Leadership Aspirations.

Paul Davies, Steven J. Spencer, Claude M. Steele · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 2005 · 689 citations

Identity Safety, Gendered Perception, Social Psychology +22

Consuming Images: How Television Commercials that Elicit Stereotype Threat Can Restrain Women Academically and Professionally

Paul Davies, Steven J. Spencer, Diane M. Quinn et al. · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · 2002 · 662 citations

Gendered Perception, Quantitative Fields Risk, Social Psychology +24