Christine Schaffran

Molecular Mechanism for a Gateway Drug: Epigenetic Changes Initiated by Nicotine Prime Gene Expression by Cocaine

Amir Levine, Yan-You Huang, Bettina Drisaldi et al. · Science Translational Medicine · 2011 · 281 citations

Medicine, Neuroscience, Pharmacology +13

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Smoking Initiation and Progression to Daily Smoking: A Multilevel Analysis

Denise B. Kandel, Gebre-Egziabher Kiros, Christine Schaffran et al. · American Journal of Public Health · 2004 · 273 citations

Public Health, Health Behavior, Preventive Medicine +15

On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence

Denise B. Kandel, Mei‐Chen Hu, Pamela C. Griesler et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · 2007 · 203 citations · Full text

Public Health, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +12

Urine Nicotine Metabolites and Smoking Behavior in a Multiracial/Multiethnic National Sample of Young Adults

Denise B. Kandel, Mei‐Chen Hu, Christine Schaffran et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2007 · 94 citations · Full text

Public Health, Pharmacology, Adolescent Health +15

Developmental trajectories of criteria of nicotine dependence in adolescence

Mei‐Chen Hu, Bengt Muthén, Christine Schaffran et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · 2008 · 64 citations · Full text

Public Health, Human Development, Psychology +14