23:T43d,The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assumes that the inclining atmospheric CO₂ concentration over recent years was almost exclusively determined by anthropogenic emissions, and this increase is made responsible for the rising temperature over the Industrial Era. Due to the far reaching consequences of this assertion, in this contribution we critically scrutinize different carbon cycle models and compare them with observations. We further contrast them with an alternative concept, which also includes temperature dependent natural emission and absorption with an uptake rate scaling proportional with the CO₂ concentration. We show that this approach is in agreement with all observations, and under this premise not really human activities are responsible for the observed CO₂ increase and the expected temperature rise in the atmosphere, but just opposite the temperature itself dominantly controls the CO₂ increase. Therefore, not CO₂ but primarily native impacts are responsible for any observed climate changes.24:T514,This investigation represents temporal and spatial analysis of drought events over Iran for a 42 - year period (1963 - 2005). At first, the severity of drought occurrences over Iran has been identified using SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) at various time scales (i.e., 3, 9, and 12 - month) for 50 synoptic stations. Then the spatial distribution of annual and seasonal drought severity using SPI - 12 months and SPI - 3 months respectively have been derived. Seasonal drought has been determined for spring, autumn, and winter using SPI - 3 months for May, Nov and Feb respectively. Maps of annual and seasonal drought showed occurrence of drought in most parts of Iran mostly in following years, 1985, 1990, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Based on the frequency of each drought severity category at different time scales (SPI - 3, 9, and 12 months), time series of number of stations experienced drought were derived. They showed that mild drought has been occurred continuously in about 85% - 95% of stations from 1998 through 2001 using SPI - 9 months and SPI - 12 months. But SPI - 3 months showed mostly 99% of stations were affected by drought continuously from 1998 through 2002. Finally, spatial distribution of each drought severity categories for different time - scales were derived.25:T425,Lower Khazir River is crossing three mountains (Maqlub , Ain Al-Safra, and Makhmoore) and it is adjustment to the neotectonic activity by fold. During the study evaluate active tectonics by using DEM derived drainage network and geomorphic indices stream-length gradient (SL), basin asymmetry factor (AF), hypsometric integral (HI), valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf), Basin shape (Bs) and mountain front sinuosity (Smf). Geomorphic indices are calculate (IRAT) in the study site. So I classified the IRAT index into very higher, higher, modern and lower active of tectonic. The value of very higher is in sub basin 1 and 18 , higher is in sub basin 6, 10, 14 and 17 , modern is in sub basin 2,3,4, 5 ,7 , 9 ,16 and 19; and lower is in sub basin 8,11,12,13 and 15. About 10.5% of the study area (about 29.87) km2): 21% (111.63 km2) to Class 2: 42% (312.59 km2) to Class 3 and 26.5% (133.75 km2) to Class 4. IRAT tends to be high along the fold and fault zone. Two different levels of the rock are found in the study site (middle hard and soft rock).26:T424,Bentonite is a type of clay with a very high proportion of clay mineral montmorillonite, resulting from the decomposition of volcanic ash. With high plasticity, Bentonite is highly water absorbent and has high shrinkage and swelling characteristics. Bentonite slurry is often used to solve problems in the construction of borings or excavating trenches in water- saturated soils. Over time, the uses of bentonite spread into more current applications including papermaking tech-nology, cut-off walls, wastewater purification and even into different aspects of nano-technology because of nano-sizes of bentonite particl

#	Concept	H-Index	Publications	Citations
1	Engineering	11	12	213
2	Public Health	2	2	65
3	Business	1	1	10
4	Education	1	1	10
5	Law	1	1	20

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