Multiscale Interconnected and Anisotropic Morphology Genetic Piezoceramic Skeleton Based Flexible Self‐Powered 3D Force Sensor

Abstract

Abstract Inner‐wall fibers of natural loofah exhibit a macroscopic anisotropic network and microscopic 3D interconnected porous structure. Such a unique multiscale interconnected structure is highly desired for enhancing the sensing capacities of piezoelectric sensors under multi‐modal stress, a big challenge for existing devices but crucial for next‐generation wearable electronics and human‐machine interaction. Herein, a morphology genetic piezoceramic skeleton composite sensor featuring the multiscale interconnected structure is presented, demonstrating excellent sensing capability for multidirectional stress. Simulation results indicate that the microscopic 3D interconnected porous structure improves stress transfer efficiency and the fully filled polymer prevents skeletons from collapsing under high stress, thereby endowing the device with a low detection limit (0.2 kPa), a broad sensing range (0.2 ‐ 325.6 kPa), and high sensitivity (241.12 mV kPa −1 ) in compression mode. Meanwhile, the macroscopic anisotropic network structure displays high piezoelectric anisotropy and exceptional stretchability (≈45% strain), enabling simultaneous detection of deformation magnitude and direction in bending mode. The symmetrical and integrated design ensures stable piezoelectric output over 300 000 cycles in both modes. Furthermore, the novel sensor is successfully employed for the comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular health and the quantitative identification of the elastic modulus of objects, demonstrating enormous potential in health monitoring and robotic intelligent perception.