The Missing Link of Sulfur Chemistry in TMC-1: The Detection of <i>c</i>-C₃H₂S from the GOTHAM Survey

Abstract

Abstract We present the spectroscopic characterization of cyclopropenethione in the laboratory and detect it in space using the Green Bank Telescope Observations of TMC-1: Hunting Aromatic Molecules survey. The detection of this molecule—the missing link in understanding the C 3 H 2 S isomeric family in TMC-1—completes the detection of all three low-energy isomers of C 3 H 2 S, as both CH 2 CCS and HCCCHS have been previously detected in this source. The total column density of this molecule ( N T of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>5.7</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.61</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.65</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> cm −2 at an excitation temperature of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> K) is smaller than both CH 2 CCS and HCCCHS and follows nicely the relative dipole principle (RDP), a kinetic rule of thumb for predicting isomer abundances that suggests that, all other chemistry among a family of isomers being the same, the member with the smallest dipole ( μ ) should be the most abundant. The RDP now holds for the astronomical abundance ratios of both the S-bearing and O-bearing counterparts observed in TMC-1; however, CH 2 CCO continues to elude detection in any astronomical source.