Long-Term CO₂ Hydrogenation into Liquid Fuels with a Record-High Single-Pass Yield of 31.7% over Interfacial Fe–Zn Sites

Abstract

Despite extensive research efforts in CO 2 hydrogenation, achieving a high yield of liquid fuels remains a significant challenge due to the limited conversion of CO 2 and the considerable formation of undesired C 1 byproducts. In this study, we report a record-high yield of liquid fuels from CO 2 hydrogenation facilitated by an Fe–Zn catalyst enriched with interfacial sites. These interfacial sites effectively enhanced carbon chain growth through the synergistic interaction of the carbide pathway and CO insertion while simultaneously suppressing the formation of CO and CH 4 . Consequently, the selectivity for undesired C 1 byproducts was minimized to 14.7%, while maintaining a high selectivity of 72.2% for liquid fuels. Under optimized reaction conditions including 360 °C, 4.0 MPa, 4,000 mL g cat –1 h –1, and CO 2 /H 2 = 3, the liquid fuel yield reached 31.7% at a single-pass CO 2 conversion of 48.2%.