Global, regional, and national trends in chronic kidney disease burden (1990–2021): a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2021

Abstract

This study estimated the temporal trends of CKD incidence and mortality globally, as well as at the national and regional levels, from 1990 to 2021. It was observed that countries with higher socio-demographic index (SDI) exhibited unfavorable trends, suggesting that these countries should develop more targeted and specific strategies to address the growing burden of CKD.