Ultimate water capillary evaporation in bamboo-inspired evaporator

Abstract

and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 90.2% under one-sun irradiation, outperforming comparable alternatives. This study also marks the first comprehensive simulation in COMSOL modeling water capillary evaporation, driven by the synergistic effects of photothermal graphitic layers, broad-spectrum solar absorption, and capillary microstructures. The chimney-assisted, enclosed cavity structure further enhances water capillary evaporation and thermal localization. This breakthrough not only enables efficient use of waste biomass but also advances the field of sustainable materials, opening new avenues in solar-driven steam generation.