Biochar and Zeolite Uses in Improving Immobilization of Nutrients and Pollutants in Soils

Abstract

Biochars and zeolites are highly suitable for soil restoration due to their ability to enhance soil structure, improve nutrient and water retention, regulate pH levels and remove various impurities. Both materials offer significant benefits for soil management and environmental health, effectively transforming degraded soils into productive land. They are usually characterized by high specific surface area, which is essential for improving capacity of soil sorption complex. The presented literature review compares effects generated by biochars and zeolites on sorption capacity of different soil types toward metal ions, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and pollutants. So far, numerous researchers have examined biochars and zeolites as soil amendments, but only some of them have tested their simultaneous addition or application with polymers. Nevertheless, based on the reports on date, it can be concluded that incorporating biochar and zeolite into soil remediation practices is a promising strategy to improve soil quality and promote environmental sustainability.