Copper depletion-induced tumor cuproptosis

Abstract

. We proposed a copper-depleting mechanism primarily linked to the dysfunction of cellular copper-contained enzymes, contrasting with the mechanism of copper accumulation-induced cuproptosis. Furthermore, by modifying the ZnS nanoparticle with a polydopamine shell and a glucose transporter 1 DNAzyme (GD), we developed a multifunctional copper nanoconsumer with strong tumor growth and metastatic inhibition activity, enhancing copper depletion-promoted tumor therapy.