Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation and coagulation in severe cerebral edema and chronic hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective study

Abstract

Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and extrinsic coagulation pathway factors in the CSF are associated with the development of early severe cerebral edema and chronic hydrocephalus following SAH. These factors are interrelated and may contribute to post-SAH glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic dysfunction.