Blood-sucking leech optimizer

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44.6K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Algorithms +10

Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces

Rainer Storn, Kenneth V. Price · Journal of Global Optimization · 1997 · 28.7K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Optimization +12

Particle swarm optimization

Riccardo Poli, James Kennedy, Tim Blackwell · Swarm Intelligence · 2007 · 21.4K citations

Architecture, Bioinformatics, Directed Evolution +7

Grey Wolf Optimizer

Seyedali Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili et al. · Advances in Engineering Software · 2014 · 18.4K citations · Full text

The Whale Optimization Algorithm

Seyedali Mirjalili, Andrew Lewis · Advances in Engineering Software · 2016 · 14K citations

Natural Sciences, Fisheries, Algorithms +5