Electrochemical Biosensor for Point-of-Care Testing of Low-Abundance Biomarkers of Neurological Diseases

Abstract

The neurofilament protein light chain (NEFL) is a potential biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is also closely related to neuroinflammation. Especially, NEFL and IL-6 are the two most low-abundance known protein markers of neurological diseases, making their detection very important for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of such kinds of diseases. Nevertheless, quantitative detection of low concentrations of NEFL and IL-6 in serum remains quite difficult, especially in the point-of-care test (POCT). Herein, we developed a portable, sensitive electrochemical biosensor combined with smartphones that can be applied to multiple scenarios for the quantitative detection of NEFL and IL-6, meeting the need of the POCT. We used a double-antibody sandwich configuration combined with polyenzyme-catalyzed signal amplification to improve the sensitivity of the biosensor for the detection of NEFL and IL-6 in sera. We could detect NEFL as low as 5.22 pg/mL and IL-6 as low as 3.69 pg/mL of 6 μL of serum within 2 h, demonstrating that this electrochemical biosensor worked well with serum systems. Results also showed its superior detection capabilities over those of high-sensitivity ELISA for serum samples. Importantly, by detecting NEFL and IL-6 in sera, the biosensor showed its potential for the POCT model detection of all known biomarkers of neurological diseases, making it possible for the mass screening of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.