Black Phosphorus-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for DNA Hybridization

Abstract

In this work, we proposed and performed the numerical analysis of novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor architecture (Prism-BAK1/Ag/WS <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> /Ni/BP/SM) based on angular interrogation at a wavelength of 633 nm. At minimum reflectance ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm{min}})$</tex-math> </inline-formula> value, the remarkable sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) of 198.15 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> /RIU and 64.79/RIU are attained at a refractive index (RI) range of 1.33–1.41 for the sensing medium (SM). Additionally, the performance parameters of the SPR biosensor are meticulously measured in relation to FoM, sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD), and detection accuracy (DA) concerning the concentration of complementary target DNA hybridization in the SM. The maximum sensitivity is achieved with DNA hybridization. Notably, the probe and mismatch DNA hybridization demonstrate the maximum sensitivities of 379.69 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> /RIU and 383.01 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> /RIU, respectively. Thus, this structure-based SPR biosensor can distinguish between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and DNA hybridization. In the realm of biomedicine, this adaptable biosensor holds great potential for the detection of life-threatening diseases through DNA hybridization.