Mg/Al Double-Pillared LiNiO₂ as a Co-Free Ternary Cathode Material Ensuring Stable Cycling at 4.6 V

Abstract

Cobalt-free (Co-free) and nickel-rich (Ni-rich) cathode materials have attracted significant attention and undergone extensive studies due to their affordability and superior energy density. However, the commercialization of these Co-free materials is hindered by challenges such as cation disorder, irreversible phase changes, and inadequate high-voltage performance. To overcome these challenges, a Co-free ternary cathode material of Mg/Al double-pillared LiNiO 2 (NMA) synthesized via a wet-coating and lithiation-sintering technique is proposed. Fundamental studies reveal that Mg and Al have the potential to form a distinctive double-pillar structure within the layered cathode, enhancing its structural stability. To be specific, the strategic placement of Mg and Al in Li and Ni layers, respectively, effectively reduces Li + /Ni 2+ disorder and prevents irreversible phase transitions. Additionally, the inclusion of Mg and Al refines the primary grains and compacts the secondary grains in the cathode material, reducing stress from cyclic usage and preventing material cracking, thereby mitigating electrolyte erosion. As a result, NMA demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. It maintains 70% of initial specific capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C and exhibits excellent rate performance, with a capacity of 162 mAh g –1 at 5 C and 149 mAh g –1 at 10 C. As a whole, the produced NMA achieves a high structural stability in cases of excessive delithiation, providing a groundbreaking solution for the development of cost-effective and high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.