Phytotoxic effects of ımidacloprid and its nano-form on the cucumber plants under greenhouse condition and their toxicity on HepG2 cell line

Abstract

Phytotoxic induction by imidacloprid and its nano form on the cucumber plant and the adverse impact on the tissue culture of HepG2 cell line were demonstrated. Nano-form of imidacloprid was loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (NPs). Significant increase in the plant morphological parameters was noticed after the last periods. The nano-form exhibited significant increases in the fruits yield greater than the traditional form. Also, the quality recognized the same pattern. All treatments of the nano-form: dose, 1/2 dose and 2-times dose showed an increase in the leave pigments greater than the traditional form. The bio-safety procedure on HepG2 cell lines showed a slight difference between the traditional and nano-form (1.22-folds). However, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level showed significant increases in the treated cells, respect to their controls. Nano-formulation practices have advantages on the vegetable crops to increase their characteristics. Further toxicological studies must be required before field particles.