Effects of Synbiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium breve, and Prebiotics on the Growth Stimulation of Beneficial Gut Microbiota

Abstract

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, and is comprised of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. The probiotic efficacy and safety of <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> for consumption were confirmed by <i>in vitro</i> experiments. The survival rate of the probiotics showed a significant decline in <i>in vitro</i> gut tract simulation; however, the survival rate was more than 50%. Also, the probiotics could adhere to Caco-2 cell lines by more than 90%, inhibit the pathogenic growths, deconjugate glycocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid through activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) proteins, and lower cholesterol levels by over 46%. Regarding safety assessment, <i>L. paracasei</i> and <i>B. breve</i> showed susceptibility to some antibiotics but resistance to vancomycin and were examined as γ-hemolytic strains. Anti-inflammatory properties of <i>B. breve</i> with Caco-2 epithelial cell lines showed the significantly highest value (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for interleukin-10. Furthermore, probiotics and prebiotics (inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides) comprise synbiotics, which have potential effects on the increased abundance of beneficial microbiota, but do not affect the growth of harmful bacteria in feces samples. Moreover, the highest concentration of short chain fatty acid was of acetic acid, followed by propionic and butyric acid.