A 22.5–33.5-GHz Hybrid Phase Shifter With Low Phase and Amplitude Error for 5G and Satellite Communication

Abstract

A wideband hybrid phase shifter (PS) with low phase and amplitude error is presented, consisting of a 180 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> reflection-type PS (RTPS) and a phase invertible variable gain amplifier (PIVGA). The effects of a nonideal coupler and reflective loads on the limitation of RTPS’s bandwidth are analyzed. To achieve a wide operation bandwidth and a compact chip area, the 180 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> RTPS is realized by cascading three stages of 60 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> RTPS with capacitive load (CL). A PIVGA follows the RTPS to achieve a full 360 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math> </inline-formula> phase-shift range (PSR) and compensate for the loss of RTPS. The proposed wideband 6-bit PS is implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process with a core area of 0.11 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> . It achieves 39.3% (22.5–33.5 GHz) fractional bandwidth (FBW) with low rms phase and an amplitude error of less than 2.8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and 0.45 dB, respectively. Moreover, the average gain of the proposed PS is 2.5 dB at 28.5 GHz with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S11$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S22$</tex-math> </inline-formula> both lower than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 8 dB from 22.5 to 33.5 GHz.