Computational fluid dynamics modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Accuracy and time efficiency

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are efficient and emission free electrochemical generators, making them an attractive alternative power source. However, PEMFCs are yet to reach widespread commercial adoption, warranting further research. 3D computational fluids dynamics (CFD) models of PEMFCs are a powerful research and design tool due to their ability to predict internal reactant, temperature, and current distributions. However, these models can be challenging to design and use due to the complex electrochemistry, the large parity in the length scale of different components and experimentally unknown input parameters. This work reviews the literature regarding these inherent challenges to PEMFC CFD models, examining numerical methods, computational mesh, assumptions and simplifications, input parameters and validation methods. Recommendations are made based on current literature findings and research gaps are identified, both with the goal of aiding and improving future PEMFC CFD research.