Recent Progress on the Catalysts and Device Designs for (Photo)Electrochemical On‐Site H₂O₂ Production

Abstract

Abstract Low‐cost and on‐site H 2 O 2 production is desirable for industrial and civilian usage. (Photo)electrochemical H 2 O 2 production is proposed to be a safer, greener, and cheaper strategy for on‐site H 2 O 2 production as compared to the conventional anthraquinone process and the direct thermal synthesis. However, the efficiency, selectivity, and durability of the (photo)electrochemical H 2 O 2 production devices are still not satisfactory. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revisit the (photo)electrocatalyst and device designs for (photo)electrochemical on‐site H 2 O 2 production, thus to rationalize the research thoughts and provide valuable guidance. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the mechanism of two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e − ORR) and two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e − WOR) for H 2 O 2 production, and the current research status on the (photo)electrocatalysts and (photo)electrochemical devices. In particular, the pros and cons of the four types of (photo)electrochemical device designs, which are Type I (2e − ORR + oxygen evolution reaction), Type II (2e − ORR + hydrogen oxidation reaction), Type III (2e − WOR + hydrogen evolution reaction) and Type IV (2e − WOR + 2e − ORR), are discussed in detail. Finally, a practical perspective on the future research directions for the on‐site (photo)electrochemical H 2 O 2 production based on the technical challenges of this technique is provided.