Acta Astronautica · 2023 · 29 citations · 9 references
LawInternational LawInternational RelationsInternational OrganizationsInternational Space LawPublic International LawMoon GovernanceSources Of International LawSpace Resource UtilizationAccess To Lunar ResourcesIn-situ Resource UtilizationLunar Resource Extraction RegimesLunar Resource RightsOuter Space BoundaryOuter Space GovernanceSpace Resource ExtractionSpace Resource Utilization Law
Renewed interest in human space activities, especially lunar missions such as NASA’s Artemis and China/Russia’s International Lunar Research Station, signals a push toward sustained human presence on the Moon. This article explores how state statements and actions will shape the future evolution of international space law regarding space resource activities, underscoring the urgent need for clearer legal guidance. The authors examine relevant international law, domestic legislation, multilateral agreements, and recent international discussions on space resource activities. They conclude that the current international space law regime lacks clear regulations on space resource activities and stresses the necessity for legal evolution to support industry and exploration.
We are experiencing a period of renewed interest in human activities in outer space and, in particular, the return of humans to the Moon. Multiple lunar missions, including the NASA led Artemis project and the China and Russia International Lunar Research Station propose a sustained human presence on the Moon which will require in-situ resource extraction and usage. This article explores the likely impact of statements and actions by states on the future evolution of international space law in relation to space resource activities, highlighting the urgent need for greater clarity in the law regarding space resource activities. It will examine the relevant international law, domestic legislation, multilateral agreements, and recent international discussions concerning space resource activities. It concludes that the current international space law regime lacks clear laws regarding space resource activities and emphasises the importance of space law evolving in order to progress with industry and exploration.
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