Exploration of all-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> Heusler alloys for permanent magnets: An <i>ab initio</i> based high-throughput study

Abstract

Heusler alloys have attracted interest in various fields of functional materials since their properties can quite easily be tuned by composition. Here, we have investigated the relatively new class of all-$3d$ Heusler alloys in view of their potential as permanent magnets. To identify suitable candidates, we performed a high-throughput study using an electronic structure database to search for ${X}_{2}YZ$-type Heusler systems with tetragonal symmetry and high magnetization. For the alloys which passed our selection filters, we have used a combination of density functional theory calculations and spin dynamics modeling to investigate their magnetic properties including the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and exchange interactions. The candidates which fulfilled all the search criteria served as input for the investigation of the temperature dependence of the magnetization and determination of the Curie temperature. Based on our results, we suggest that ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{NiZn}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{NiTi}$, and ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{CoFe}$ are potential candidates for permanent magnets with large out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy (1.23, 0.97, and 0.82 MJ/${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$, respectively) and high Curie temperatures lying more than 200 K above the room temperature. We further show that the magnitude and direction of anisotropy are very sensitive to the strain by calculating the values of anisotropy energy for several tetragonal phases. Thus application of strain can be used to tune the anisotropy in these compounds.